The present review conducted a comprehensive search and retrieval of clinical studies related to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for acute respiratory failure (ARF) and chronic respiratory failure (CRF) retrieved from Medline between October 1, 2023 and September 30, 2024. In the treatment of ARF with NPPV, experiments using Digital Twins had shown that excessive tidal volumes associated self-inflicted lung injury might contribute to NPPV failure. The administration of sedation and analgesia during NPPV was found to correlate with increased mortality. In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high-intensity NPPV significantly reduced intubation rates. However, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) was less effective than NPPV when used as an initial treatment. In the management of CRF patients, a Franch study examined the pre-NPPV health trajectory of COPD patients receiving home NPPV based on French national health insurance reimbursement system database and suggested that the timing of initiation of home NPPV treatment significantly influenced prognosis. In addition, the research found that remote management utilizing Internet of Things technology enhanced patients′ health-related quality of life and reduced the risk of hospital readmission. In terms of preventing re-intubation, different underlying conditions exhibited different responses to NPPV treatment. Specifically, prophylactic use of NPPV was found to reduce the risk of reintubation in obese surgical patients, but not in those with acute brain injury. In terms of technological advancements, Bag-CPAP, a device consisting of an oxygen storage bag and medium flow oxygen, has been validated as an alternative ventilation choice suitable for resource-limited settings.