综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
IMH患者黄斑区血管和血流变化及其与视力预后关系的研究进展
张佳璇
王琪 [综述]
肖迎 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240523-00133
Advances of vascular and blood flow changes in macular area and their relationship with visual prognosis in patients with idiopathic macular hole
Zhang Jiaxuan
Wang Qi
Xiao Ying
Authors Info & Affiliations
Zhang Jiaxuan
Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to the First Medical University of Shandong Province, Jinan 250021, China
Wang Qi
Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to the First Medical University of Shandong Province, Jinan 250021, China
Xiao Ying
Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to the First Medical University of Shandong Province, Jinan 250021, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240523-00133
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摘要

近年来,随着微创玻璃体视网膜手术技术的发展,特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)的闭合率得到极大提高,但视力恢复却不尽如人意。研究表明,黄斑区视网膜血管连续性变化、视网膜与脉络膜血流灌注改变均参与IMH的形成及愈合过程,并可能对IMH患者视力预后产生明显影响。本文将对IMH患眼及对侧眼黄斑区视网膜、脉络膜血管的重要参数变化及其与视力预后的关系进行综述,分别讨论中心凹无血管区、浅层和深层毛细血管丛密度、周围囊腔以及IMH闭合前后视网膜血管位置变化与黄斑区视网膜血流灌注及视力预后的关系,并总结IMH患者脉络膜血流灌注变化及不同手术方式对黄斑区血流灌注影响的相关研究结果,为进一步深入了解IMH的病因及预后提供依据。

黄斑裂孔,特发性;体层摄影术,光学相干;视力;综述
ABSTRACT

In recent years, idiopathic macular hole (IMH) surgery has a very high success rate due to the development of small-gauge vitrectomy, while the recovery of visual acuity is not satisfactory.Current studies have found that continuity of retinal blood vessels in the macular area and changes in retinal and choroidal perfusion are closely related to the formation and healing of MH, and have a significant impact on the visual prognosis in IMH patients.This article reviews the research progress on variations of parameters for retinal and choroidal vessels in IMH patients, as well as their relationship with visual prognosis.For retinal parameters, the changes in the foveal avascular zone, superficial and deep capillary plexus density, paracentral intraretinal cystoid spaces, retinal vessels position are discussed.Relevant research related to choroidal blood flow perfusion changes and the effects of different surgical methods on macular perfusion in patients with IMH are summarized to provide basis for further understanding the etiology and prognosis of IMH.

Macular hole, idiopathic;Tomography, optical coherence;Visual acuity;Review
Xiao Ying, Email: mocdef.labiamxofyxqwrd
引用本文

张佳璇,王琪,肖迎. IMH患者黄斑区血管和血流变化及其与视力预后关系的研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2025,43(02):186-192.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240523-00133

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特发性黄斑裂孔(idiopathic macular hole,IMH)是指眼部无明显原发病变,自行发生的黄斑区视网膜神经上皮全层裂孔。MH的发病年龄多在50~70岁 [ 1 ],患病率约为0.33%,其中IMH约占90%,男女患病比例约为1∶3.3 [ 2 ]。IMH的发病机制目前尚无定论,其中,不完全性玻璃体后脱离对黄斑中心凹前后方向的牵引力和内界膜在切线方向的牵拉被认为是主要原因 [ 3 ]。随着微创玻璃体视网膜手术的发展,玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术使IMH的闭合率得到极大提高,但裂孔闭合后视力的恢复却不尽如人意。光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)是进行MH诊断和分期的标准方法,既往研究多采用谱域OCT对IMH手术前后玻璃体视网膜界面和视网膜外层结构进行全面评估,用于分析和预测IMH预后 [ 4 ],但其无法检测患者视网膜微血管的变化及特点。光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)是一种新型无创性显示视网膜及脉络膜血管的方法,可联合en-face扫描方式显示不同深度、不同层面血管的形态、位置、灌注情况,并进行量化分析 [ 5 ]。2016年,Pierro等 [ 6 ]首次应用OCTA报道了1例双眼不同发病时间、不同大小IMH患者的视网膜深层毛细血管丛(deep capillary plexus,DCP)特点,发现右眼新发小裂孔边缘可见囊腔样暗区,而左眼陈旧大裂孔外围则呈现轮状暗区,同时,新发小裂孔DCP血管密度较陈旧大裂孔明显更密集,认为随着病程延长,MH附近会发生血管组织萎缩。随后,更多的研究发现黄斑区血流变化贯穿于MH形成及愈合的过程中,并对IMH患者视力预后产生影响,黄斑区灌注的异常变化能部分解释MH闭合后视力仍难以完全恢复的现象。本文就IMH患者黄斑区血管位置形态、OCTA重要血流参数的变化、血管改变与IMH发生和发展及视力预后的关系进行综述,为进一步深入了解IMH的病因及改善预后提供依据。
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备注信息
A
肖迎,Email: mocdef.labiamxofyxqwrd
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
山东省自然科学基金 (ZR2022MH280)
山东省医药卫生科技项目 (202307020692)
山东省医药卫生科技发展计划 (2017WS469)
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