脂质纳米颗粒是由1个或多个磷脂双分子层组成的球形囊泡结构,是目前临床研究和应用中最有效的非病毒递送载体,主要用于化学药物和核酸分子的递送。2019年新型冠状病毒感染暴发后,mRNA疫苗凭借其设计与制造的简便性、低免疫原性、快速量产等优点脱颖而出。研究表明,脂质纳米颗粒作为新型冠状病毒mRNA 疫苗的重要组成部分,对其有效性和稳定性有着重要作用。此文综述目前应用较多的脂质纳米颗粒的结构、特性、应用及质量控制等方面的相关研究,以期增加对mRNA疫苗递送系统的认识,从而进一步促进mRNA疫苗和药物的快速发展。
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), with spherical vesicle structure composed of one or multiple phospholipid bilayers, are currently the most effective non-viral delivery vehicle in clinical research and application, mainly for the delivery of chemical drugs and nucleic acid molecules. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines standed out due to their simplicity of design and manufacture, low immunogenicity, and rapid large-scale production. As an important component, LNPs play an important role in the effectiveness and stability of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. In this review, the structure, characteristics, application and quality control of the widely used LNPs are summarized, in order to provide a deeper and broader understanding to mRNA vaccine delivery systems and further promote the rapid development of mRNA vaccines and drugs.
王红玉,彭沁桦,李玉华,等. 脂质纳米颗粒用于mRNA疫苗递送系统的研究进展[J]. 国际生物制品学杂志,2025,48(01):60-66.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn311962-20240428-00020版权归中华医学会所有。
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