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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
基于炎症因子和心理评分的灼口综合征临床评估模型初探
张颖
叶赛
孙洪
沈雪敏
吴岚
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20241211-00469
Accurate evaluation model of burning mouth syndrome based on inflammatory factors and psychological scores: a clinical study
Zhang Ying
Ye Sai
Sun Hong
Shen Xuemin
Wu Lan
Authors Info & Affiliations
Zhang Ying
Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
Ye Sai
Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
Sun Hong
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
Shen Xuemin
Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
Wu Lan
Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20241211-00469
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摘要

目的探讨灼口综合征（BMS）患者的焦虑、抑郁状态与体液中炎症因子的相关性，并基于临床数据形成一个初步的评估模型。

方法纳入符合纳入标准且不符合排除标准的41例BMS患者（BMS组）及12名健康对照者（健康对照组），2组受试者均自2022年10月至2024年2月于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔黏膜病科门诊招募，通过视觉模拟评分量表（VAS）评估41例BMS患者的疼痛程度，焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估患者的焦虑和抑郁状态；采用Luminex 200 TM系统和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法分别检测2组受试者唾液和血清中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的浓度。采用χ 2检验、独立样本 t检验、方差分析、Spearman相关性分析、多元线性回归对结果数据进行分析。

结果41例BMS患者的VAS得分为（3.56±1.90）分，48.8%（20/41）和41.5%（17/41）的患者分别表现为轻度、中度疼痛，重度疼痛者仅占7.3%（3/41）。41例BMS患者中，焦虑和（或）抑郁者占61.0%（25/41），其中焦虑合并抑郁者占39.0%（16/41），焦虑（非抑郁）患者占9.8%（4/41），抑郁（非焦虑）患者占12.2%（5/41）。BMS组患者血清和唾液中IFN-γ、TNF-α浓度均显著高于健康对照组（均 P<0.05），血清中BDNF浓度显著低于健康对照组（ P<0.01），唾液中BDNF浓度显著高于健康对照组（ P<0.001）。BMS组患者血清中TNF-α与IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-6呈正相关（β=0.803，β=0.812，β=0.592；均 P<0.01），唾液中TNF-α与SAS、SDS评分均呈显著负相关（β=-0.325，β=-0.321；均 P<0.05）。SAS评分与唾液中TNF-α浓度呈线性相关（SAS=51.374-1.154×唾液TNF-α）；唾液TNF-α浓度与唾液IFN-γ、IL-1β均呈线性相关（唾液TNF-α=2.408+0.281×唾液IFN-γ+0.002×唾液IL-1β）。

结论本研究初步探索了基于炎症因子和心理评分的BMS临床评估模型，为BMS的后续研究和模型优化提供了探索性框架。

口腔黏膜;灼口综合征;临床评估模型;焦虑;抑郁;炎症因子
ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between anxiety, depression, and inflammatory markers in the body fluids of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS), creating a preliminary assessment model based on clinical data.

MethodsForty-one BMS patients were recruited according to the predefined inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria from the Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between December 2021 and September 2023, along with 12 healthy controls. The pain intensity of the 41 patients was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Meanwhile, anxiety and depression were assessed using the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS). The concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in saliva and serum were measured using the Luminex 200 TM system and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Spearman′s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression, respectively.

ResultsThe VAS score for the 41 BMS patients was (3.56±1.90), with 48.8% (20/41) and 41.5% (17/41) of patients experiencing mild and moderate pain, respectively. Only 7.3% (3/41) of patients had severe pain. Among the 41 BMS patients, 61.0% (25/41) exhibited anxiety and/or depression, in whom 39.0% (16/41) had both anxiety and depression, 9.8% (4/41) experienced anxiety without depression, and 12.2% (5/41) had depression without anxiety. The concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the serum and saliva of BMS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (all P<0.05). In contrast, the BDNF concentration in serum was significantly lower in BMS patients than in healthy participants ( P<0.01), but was significantly higher in saliva ( P<0.001). Serum TNF-α was positively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 (β=0.803, β=0.812, β=0.592; all P<0.01), while saliva TNF-α was negatively correlated with both anxiety and depression (β=-0.325, β=-0.321; all P<0.05). SAS scores were linearly correlated with saliva TNF-α concentrations (SAS=51.374-1.154×saliva TNF-α); saliva TNF-α concentrations were linearly correlated with saliva IFN-γ and IL-1β (saliva TNF-α=2.408+0.281×saliva IFN-γ+0.002×saliva IL-1β).

ConclusionsThis study provides a preliminary exploration of a clinical assessment model for BMS based on inflammatory markers and psychological scores, offering an exploratory framework for further research and optimization of the model.

Mouth mucosa;Burning mouth syndrome;Clinical evaluation model;Anxiety;Depression;Inflammatory factors
Wu Lan, Email: mocdef.aabnisuw_anaet, Tel: 0086-21-23271699-5696
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引用本文

张颖,叶赛,孙洪,等. 基于炎症因子和心理评分的灼口综合征临床评估模型初探[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志,2025,60(03)：232-238.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20241211-00469

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灼口综合征（burning mouth syndrome，BMS）是发生在口腔黏膜，以烧灼样疼痛为主要表现的一组症状，通常没有明显的临床损害体征，也缺乏特征性的组织病理变化。BMS是最常见的口腔黏膜病之一，患病率为0.1%~3.9% ［ 1 ］ 。BMS病因不明，研究认为其发生是外周小纤维神经病、脑功能障碍和心理因素等多因素作用的结果 ［ 2 ］ 。近年来，分子生物学领域的诊断方法推动了唾液和血清中炎症因子的发现。炎症因子作为正常生物过程、病理变化和药物反应的分子标志物，可为疾病检测、诊断和预后提供有价值的信息 ［ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ］ 。脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF）是一种负责突触可塑性的蛋白质，据报道BDNF可导致焦虑症、抑郁症、精神分裂症、躁郁症等精神疾病 ［ 7 , 8 ］ 。干扰素-γ（interferon-γ，IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor alpha，TNF-α）是控制疼痛过程的关键因子，在介导和调节神经炎症中均显示出重要的相互作用 ［ 9 ］ 。白细胞介素（interleukin，IL）-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-8是具有广泛生物学效应的炎症细胞因子，在病理性疼痛（外周神经病变、骨癌等）和精神疾病（重度抑郁症、焦虑症、双相情感障碍等）中发挥着关键作用 ［ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ］ 。以往研究显示BMS患者常常伴随着焦虑、抑郁状态 ［ 16 , 17 , 18 ］ 。因此，本研究综合选取与疼痛、神经炎症、精神疾病等密切相关的多个因子（BDNF、IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α）深入研究，从多角度探索BMS的病因。
本研究采用视觉模拟评分量表（visual analogue scale，VAS）评估BMS患者的疼痛程度，分别采用焦虑自评量表（Zung self-rating anxiety scale，SAS）和抑郁自评量表（Zung self-rating depression scale，SDS）评估其焦虑和抑郁状态，并采用Luminex 200 TM系统和酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）法分别检测唾液和血清中BDNF、IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的浓度，从而探究焦虑、抑郁状态与唾液和血清炎症因子之间的相关性，总结BMS患者心理状态与炎症因子的特征，形成一个初步的临床评估模型，旨在为BMS提供客观的诊断和评估依据，为后续研究和模型优化提供探索性框架。
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备注信息
A
吴岚，Email： mocdef.aabnisuw_anaet，电话：021-23271699-5696
B

张颖：临床样本采集、数据统计分析、论文撰写；叶赛：临床样本采集；孙洪：样本采集、数据分析；沈雪敏：临床病例收集；吴岚：临床病例收集、研究指导、论文审阅、经费支持

C
张颖, 叶赛, 孙洪, 等. 基于炎症因子和心理评分的灼口综合征临床评估模型初探[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2025, 60(3): 232-238. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20241211-00469.
D
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突
E
上海市科学技术委员会基金 (21S21902000)
上海市卫健委、上海市中医药管理局重大疑难疾病中西医协同诊疗示范项目 (ZY（2021-2023）-0207-01-04)
上海市卫健委中医药科研项目 (2022CX009)
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