目的基于心脏磁共振(CMR)定量评价心肌纤维化,探索扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者经标准化抗心力衰竭(心衰)药物治疗后左心室逆重构(LVRR)的CMR预测指标。
方法临床回顾性研究。连续纳入2020年9月至2023年7月昆明医科大学第一附属医院DCM患者48例,其中男性32例(66.7%);并选取同期年龄、性别相匹配的健康成人40名作为对照组,其中男性27名(67.5%)。所有DCM患者接受标准化抗心衰药物治疗,并于基线行CMR检查,于基线和随访时行超声心动图检查。CMR检查:(1)电影序列,评价心功能,包括左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVi)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVi)、左心室心肌质量指数(LVMMi)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)、整体径向应变(GRS)和整体周向应变(GCS);(2)T1 mapping技术,评价心肌弥漫性纤维化,包括native T1值、细胞外容积分数(ECV);(3)钆延迟强化(LGE)技术,评价心肌替代性纤维化,以LGE占左心室心肌质量百分比(%LV)表示。超声心动图检查指标包括LVEF和左心室舒张末期内径指数(LVEDDi)。根据基线和随访时的LVEF和LVEDDi,将DCM患者分为LVRR(+)组和LVRR(-)组。采用单因素和多因素 logistic回归分析筛选DCM患者发生LVRR的预测因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CMR参数对LVRR的预测效能。
结果中位随访时间为10.5(6,15.8)个月。DCM患者14例(29.2%)发生LVRR。与对照组相比,DCM组患者的体质指数和心率较高,吸烟、酗酒和高血脂病史比例较高,LVEDVi、LVESVi、LVMMi、native T1值和ECV明显升高,GLS、GRS、GCS和LVEF明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为 P<0.05)。与LVRR(-)组比较,LVRR(+)组的基线LVEF无统计学差异( P=0.526),随访时LVEF明显升高、LVEDD明显降低(均为 P<0.001)。DCM患者基线时CMR检查均存在左心室心肌LGE。与LVRR(-)组比较,LVRR(+)组的基线B型利钠肽[384.4(76.7,536.5)pg/ml比760.6(310.7,1 067.6)pg/ml]、LVEDVi[145.8(110.9,157.3)ml/m 2比155.8(130.9,210.2)ml/m 2]、LVESVi[105.7(83.1,128.2)ml/m 2比134.8(116.3,173.5)ml/m 2]、native T1值[1 048(1 031,1 069)ms比1 071(1 039,1 098)ms]、ECV(27.2%±3.5%比30.1%±4.2%)和LGE[1.6%(1.0%,3.2%)比3.7%(2.1%,6.1%)]显著降低(均为 P<0.05)。多因素 logistic回归分析结果显示,基线LGE是DCM患者发生LVRR的独立预测因子( OR=2.612,95% CI:1.180~5.782, P=0.018)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,基线LGE预测DCM患者发生LVRR的敏感度为73.5%,特异度为71.4%,ROC曲线下面积为0.765,最佳截断值为2.35%( P=0.004)。
结论基线LGE可作为DCM患者经标准化抗心衰药物治疗后发生LVRR的预测指标。
ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess myocardial fibrosis using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and to explore CMR predictors of left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) following standardized heart failure (HF) pharmacological treatment.
MethodsThis was a retrospective study, which consecutively included 48 patients (32 males) with DCM from September 2020 to July 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. A control group of 40 healthy adults (27 males), matched for age and gender, was selected from the same period. All DCM patients received standardized HF pharmacological treatment and underwent baseline CMR examination. Echocardiographic assessments were performed at baseline and during follow-up. CMR examination: (1) Cine sequences were used to evaluate cardiac function, including left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi), left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMMi), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS). (2) T1 mapping techniques were employed to assess myocardial diffuse fibrosis, including native T1 values and extracellular volume fraction (ECV). (3) Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique was used to evaluate myocardial replacement fibrosis, expressed as the percentage of LGE in left ventricular myocardial mass (%LV). Echocardiographic assessment included LVEF and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter index (LVEDDi). Based on the LVEF and LVEDDi at baseline and follow-up, DCM patients were divided into the LVRR (+ ) group and LVRR (-) group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for LVRR in DCM patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive performance of CMR parameters for LVRR.
ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 10.5 (6, 15.8) months. A total of 14 DCM patients (29.2%) experienced LVRR. Compared to the control group, the DCM group had higher body mass index and heart rate, as well as higher proportions of smoking, alcohol consumption, and hyperlipidemia. LVEDVi, LVESVi, LVMMi, native T1 values, and ECV were significantly elevated, while GLS, GRS, GCS, and LVEF were significantly reduced (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in baseline LVEF between LVRR (+ ) and LVRR (-) groups ( P=0.526). However, during follow-up, LVEF significantly increased, and LVEDD significantly decreased in the LVRR (+ ) group (both P<0.001). At baseline, all DCM patients exhibited left ventricular myocardial LGE on CMR. Compared to the LVRR (-) group, the LVRR (+ ) group had significantly lower baseline brain natriuretic peptide [384.4(76.7, 536.5)pg/ml vs. 760.6(310.7, 1 067.6)pg/ml], LVEDVi [145.8(110.9, 157.3)ml/m 2 vs. 155.8(130.9, 210.2) ml/m 2], LVESVi [105.7(83.1, 128.2)ml/m 2 vs. 134.8(116.3, 173.5)ml/m 2], native T1 values [1 048 (1 031, 1 069)ms vs. 1 071(1 039, 1 098)ms], ECV (27.2%±3.5% vs. 30.1%±4.2%), and LGE [1.6%(1.0%, 3.2%) vs. 3.7%(2.1%, 6.1%)] (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline LGE was an independent predictor of LVRR in DCM patients ( OR=2.612, 95% CI: 1.180-5.782, P=0.018). ROC curve analysis showed that baseline LGE had a sensitivity of 73.5% and a specificity of 71.4% for predicting LVRR in DCM patients. The area under the ROC curve was 0.765, with an optimal cutoff value of 2.35% ( P=0.004).
ConclusionsBaseline LGE can be used as a predictive indicator for LVRR in DCM patients following standardized HF pharmacological treatment.
刘涛,高晓坤,范茜寒,等. 基于心脏磁共振探究扩张型心肌病患者经标准化抗心力衰竭药物治疗后左心室逆重构的预测因素[J]. 中国心血管杂志,2025,30(01):35-44.
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5410.2025.01.007除非特别声明,本刊刊出的所有文章不代表本刊编辑委员会的观点。
注:DCM,扩张型心肌病;CMR,心脏磁共振
参数 | 电影图像 | T1增强前图像 | T1增强后图像 | LGE图像 |
---|---|---|---|---|
序列 | SSFP | MOLLI | MOLLI | PSIR |
TR(ms) | 45 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 600~1 000 |
TE(ms) | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 3.1 |
层厚(mm) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
视野(mm×mm) | 340×340 | 340×270 | 340×270 | 340×270 |
矩阵 | 224×180 | 256×170 | 256×170 | 240×170 |
翻转角(°) | 60 | 35 | 35 | 25 |
对比剂 | - | - | 钆贝葡胺 | 钆贝葡胺 |
采集模式 | - | 5(3)3 | 4(1)3(1)2 | - |
注:CMR,心脏磁共振;TR,重复时间;TE,回声时间;LGE,钆延迟强化;SSFP,稳态自由进动序列;MOLLI,改良Look-Locker反转恢复序列;PSIR,相位敏感反转恢复序列;-意为不适用
项目 | DCM组(48例) | 对照组(40名) | t/ Z/ χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
一般情况 | ||||
男性[例(%)] | 32(66.7) | 27(67.5) | 0.065 | 0.799 |
年龄(
|
49.1±15.7 | 48.3±9.7 | 0.276 | 0.773 |
体质指数(
|
24.8±4.3 | 22.8±3.9 | 2.263 | 0.026 |
体表面积(
|
1.78±0.22 | 1.71±0.19 | 1.240 | 0.219 |
心率(
|
85.3±18.5 | 77.2±13.4 | 2.309 | 0.023 |
收缩压(
|
114.1±17.6 | 118.5±11.1 | -1.429 | 0.157 |
舒张压[M(Q 1,Q 3),mmHg] | 76.5(67.8,85.5) | 78.0(70.0,82.0) | -0.133 | 0.895 |
合并情况[例(%)] | ||||
左束支传导阻滞 | 3(6.3) | 0(0.0) | 0.996 | 0.318 |
吸烟史 | 19(39.6) | 5(12.5) | 7.715 | 0.005 |
酗酒史 | 12(25.0) | 2(5.0) | 6.293 | 0.012 |
糖尿病病史 | 6(12.5) | 0(0.0) | 3.470 | 0.062 |
高血脂病史 | 10(20.8) | 0(0.0) | 7.247 | 0.007 |
超声心动图指标 | ||||
LVEF[M(Q 1,Q 3),%] | 36.0(31.0,42.5) | 60.0(56.0,64.0) | -7.995 | <0.001 |
实验室检查指标 | ||||
HCT(
|
45.7±4.8 | 44.2±3.6 | 1.539 | 0.127 |
心脏磁共振指标[M(Q 1,Q 3)] | ||||
LVEDVi(ml/m 2) | 150.1(128.0,190.9) | 76.8(69.5,84.6) | -7.400 | <0.001 |
LVESVi(ml/m 2) | 128.3(103.4,166.1) | 32.5(26.6,35.6) | -7.899 | <0.001 |
LVMMi(g/m 2) | 85.3(71.8,104.4) | 47.3(42.1,59.5) | -6.854 | <0.001 |
GLS(-%) | 5.98(4.63,7.57) | 18.75(17.13,22.79) | -7.989 | <0.001 |
GRS(%) | 7.15(5.88,8.72) | 31.45(27.32,37.71) | -7.989 | <0.001 |
GCS(-%) | 5.94(4.83,7.04) | 23.13(20.76,26.13) | -7.989 | <0.001 |
整体native T1(ms) | 1 063(1 039,1 088) | 1 030(1 012,1 045) | -7.995 | <0.001 |
ECV(%) | 28.7(26.3,32.4) | 26.0(23.8,27.2) | -4.392 | <0.001 |
注:DCM,扩张型心肌病;LVEF,左心室射血分数;HCT,红细胞压积;LVEDVi,左心室舒张末期容积指数;LVESVi,左心室收缩末期容积指数;LVMMi,左心室心肌质量指数;GLS,整体纵向应变;GRS,整体径向应变;GCS,整体周向应变;ECV,细胞外容积分数
注:CMR,心脏磁共振;LGE(%LV),心肌替代性纤维化质量占左心室心肌质量的百分比;native T1,增强前T1像;ECV,细胞外容积分数;LVRR,左心室逆重构;LVEDVi,左心室舒张末期容积指数;LVEDDi,左心室舒张末期内径指数;LVEF,左心室射血分数;对照组1名健康者显示,LVEDVi=71 ml/m 2,LGE=0%,native T1=1 033 ms,ECV=23%;LVRR(+)组1例患者显示,LVEDVi=148 ml/m 2,LGE=4.1%,native T1=1 049 ms,ECV=24%,经标准化抗心衰治疗13个月后,左心室缩小,LVEDDi=29 mm/m 2,LVEF回升,LVEF=47%;LVRR(-)组1例患者显示,LVEDVi=165 ml/m 2,LGE=7.6%,native T1=1 088 ms,ECV=27%,经标准化抗心衰治疗11个月后,左心室无缩小,LVEDDi=34 mm/m 2,LVEF无改善,LVEF=38%
项目 | LVRR(+)组(14例) | LVRR(-)组(34例) | t/ Z/ χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
一般情况 | ||||
男性[例(%)] | 7(50.0) | 25(73.5) | 1.525 | 0.217 |
年龄(
|
43.7±15.7 | 50.7±15.4 | -1.424 | 0.161 |
体质指数(
|
24.6±4.7 | 24.9±4.2 | -0.231 | 0.818 |
体表面积(
|
1.74±1.94 | 1.78±2.25 | -0.584 | 0.562 |
心率(
|
85.5±23.3 | 85.3±16.5 | 0.040 | 0.969 |
收缩压(
|
119.3±25.5 | 111.9±13.0 | 1.024 | 0.321 |
舒张压[M(Q 1,Q 3),mmHg] | 81.5(67.5,98.8) | 75.0(66.5,80.0) | -1.284 | 0.199 |
合并情况[例(%)] | ||||
左束支传导阻滞 | 2(14.3) | 1(2.9) | — | 0.200 |
吸烟史 | 5(35.7) | 14(41.2) | 0.124 | 0.725 |
酗酒史 | 2(14.3) | 10(29.4) | 0.538 | 0.463 |
糖尿病病史 | 1(7.1) | 5(14.7) | 0.058 | 0.810 |
高血脂病史 | 4(28.6) | 6(17.6) | 0.208 | 0.648 |
药物治疗[例(%)] | ||||
β受体阻滞剂 | 13(92.9) | 33(97.1) | — | 0.503 |
ACEI/ARB | 2(14.3) | 3(8.8) | 0.002 | 0.965 |
利尿药 | 13(92.9) | 34(100.0) | — | 0.292 |
ARNI | 12(85.7) | 27(79.4) | 0.010 | 0.919 |
地高辛 | 4(28.6) | 8(23.5) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
降血脂药 | 5(35.7) | 13(38.2) | 0.027 | 0.870 |
NYHA心功能分级[例(%)] | 0.137 | 0.934 | ||
Ⅰ | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | ||
Ⅱ | 4(28.6) | 8(23.5) | ||
Ⅲ | 8(57.1) | 21(61.8) | ||
Ⅳ | 2(14.3) | 5(14.7) | ||
超声心动图指标 | ||||
LVEF(
|
36.8±8.2 | 35.1±8.0 | 0.639 | 0.526 |
LVEDD[M(Q 1,Q 3),mm] | 61.0(56.0,65.3) | 65.5(60.8,73.0) | -1.988 | 0.040 |
LVEDDi[M(Q 1,Q 3),mm/m 2] | 35.5(32.0,39.3) | 38.0(33.8,42.3) | -1.362 | 0.260 |
ΔLVEF(
|
19.6±9.2 | -0.8±10.7 | 6.232 | <0.001 |
ΔLVEDD(
|
9.1±4.9 | 0.6±5.9 | 4.737 | <0.001 |
实验室检查指标 | ||||
HCT(
|
45.2±4.3 | 45.9±5.1 | -0.467 | 0.643 |
BNP[M(Q 1,Q 3),pg/ml] | 384.4(76.7,536.5) | 760.6(310.7,1 067.6) | -2.431 | 0.015 |
血肌酐(
|
81.0±24.4 | 95.5±37.9 | -1.248 | 0.212 |
肌钙蛋白[M(Q 1,Q 3),ng/ml] | 0.011(0.008,0.057) | 0.022(0.011,0.047) | -0.861 | 0.389 |
白蛋白(
|
41.2±5.5 | 40.3±4.7 | 0.861 | 0.394 |
纤维蛋白原(
|
2.7±0.6 | 2.9±0.6 | -0.970 | 0.337 |
心脏磁共振指标 | ||||
LVEDVi[M(Q 1,Q 3),ml/m 2] | 145.8(110.9,157.3) | 155.8(130.9,210.2) | -2.075 | 0.038 |
LVESVi[M(Q 1,Q 3),ml/m 2] | 105.7(83.1,128.2) | 134.8(116.3,173.5) | -2.677 | 0.007 |
LVMMi[M(Q 1,Q 3),g/m 2] | 81.6(71.3,106.6) | 86.2(72.2,105.6) | -0.113 | 0.910 |
GLS(
|
6.29±2.40 | 6.10±2.10 | 0.261 | 0.795 |
GRS(
|
7.60±2.96 | 7.32±2.31 | 0.349 | 0.792 |
GCS(
|
6.17±2.14 | 6.01±1.64 | 0.292 | 0.772 |
整体native T1[M(Q 1,Q 3),ms] | 1 048(1 031,1 069) | 1 071(1 039,1 098) | -1.985 | 0.047 |
ECV(
|
27.2±3.5 | 30.1±4.2 | -2.273 | 0.028 |
LGE[M(Q 1,Q 3),%LV] | 1.6(1.0,3.2) | 3.7(2.1,6.1) | -2.859 | 0.004 |
注:LVRR,左心室逆重构;ACEI/ARB,血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂;ARNI,血管紧张素受体脑啡肽酶抑制剂;NYHA,纽约心脏病协会;LVEF,左心室射血分数;LVEDD,左心室舒张末期内径;LVEDDi,左心室舒张末期内径指数;ΔLVEF,基线到随访时LVEF的改变量;ΔLVEDD,基线到随访时LVEDD的改变量;HCT,红细胞压积;BNP,B型利钠肽;LVEDVi,左心室舒张末期容积指数;LVESVi,左心室收缩末期容积指数;LVMMi,左心室心肌质量指数;GLS,整体纵向应变;GRS,整体径向应变;GCS,整体周向应变;ECV,细胞外容积分数;LGE(%LV),心肌替代性纤维化质量占左心室心肌质量的百分比
注:LGE(%LV),心肌替代性纤维化质量占左心室心肌质量的百分比;DCM,扩张型心肌病;LVRR,左心室逆重构;ROC,受试者工作特征;AUC,曲线下面积
基线指标 | 单因素分析 | 多因素分析 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR值 | 95% CI | P值 | OR值 | 95% CI | P值 | |
整体native T1 | 1.020 | 1.001~1.041 | 0.043 | |||
ECV | 1.228 | 1.012~1.490 | 0.038 | |||
LGE | 1.703 | 1.102~2.631 | 0.016 | 2.612 | 1.180~5.782 | 0.018 |
LVEDVi | 1.018 | 1.000~1.036 | 0.046 | |||
LVESVi | 1.025 | 1.004~1.046 | 0.017 | |||
BNP | 1.002 | 1.000~1.004 | 0.032 |
注:DCM,扩张型心肌病;LVRR,左心室逆重构;ECV,细胞外容积分数;LGE(%LV),心肌替代性纤维化质量占左心室心肌质量的百分比;LVEDVi,左心室舒张末期容积指数;LVESVi,左心室收缩末期容积指数;BNP,B型利钠肽

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