目的探讨中、高危急性肺栓塞(APE)合并右心功能不全(RVD)患者的临床特征,分析他们进入重症监护室(ICU)的独立危险因素并建立风险预测模型。
方法单中心、回顾性研究。连续纳入2012年12月至2022年12月于北京大学人民医院经CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)确诊为中、高危APE合并RVD的住院患者共92例,其中男性42例、女性50例,平均年龄(67.3±10.9)岁。根据是否收治ICU分为入ICU组(31例)和未入ICU组(61例),收集两组患者的一般资料、临床特征、生化检查和影像学指标。多因素 logistic回归分析影响APE合并RVD患者进入ICU的独立危险因素,并建立风险预测模型。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价相关指标对APE合并RVD患者进入ICU的预测价值,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)评价模型的预测准确性。
结果与未入ICU组比较,入ICU组患者的心率和呼吸频率较快、收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)较低,心功能指标中B型利钠肽(BNP)、高敏肌钙蛋白I(hs-cTnI)和肺动脉收缩压(PASP)较高以及左心室射血分数(LVEF)较低,凝血功能指标中D-二聚体(D-dimer)较高,合并创伤/骨折病史比例较高(均为 P<0.05)。多因素 logistic回归分析显示,SBP、BNP、hs-cTnI、PASP和D-dimer是影响APE合并RVD患者进入ICU的独立危险因素(均为 P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,当APE合并RVD患者的SBP>119 mmHg(AUC=0.879,95% CI:0.811~0.947)时进入ICU可能性降低,BNP>416 pg/ml(AUC=0.996,95% CI:0.988~1.000)、hs-cTnI>321.15 pg/ml(AUC=0.801,95% CI:0.694~0.907)、D-dimer>686 ng/ml(AUC=0.852,95% CI:0.771~0.933)和PASP>41 mmHg(AUC=0.967,95% CI:0.905~1.000)时进入ICU可能性增加(均为 P<0.001)。根据上述指标是否为高优或低优指标进行赋值,并建立风险预测模型,即Score1模型(取值范围[0,5]),截断点值为3分(AUC=0.999,95% CI:0.996~1.000, P<0.001),即当APE合并RVD患者的Score1≤3分时,患者进入ICU的可能性增加;当APE合并RVD患者的Score1>3分时,患者进入ICU的可能性降低。
结论SBP、BNP、hs-cTnI、PASP和D-dimer是影响APE合并RVD患者进入ICU的独立危险因素,由此构建的风险预测模型对APE合并RVD患者进入ICU有良好的预测价值。
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors for admission to intensive care unit (ICU) in patients with moderate to high-risk acute pulmonary embolism (APE) combined with right ventricular dysfunction (RVD).
MethodsSingle center, retrospective study. A total of 92 hospitalized patients diagnosed with moderate to high-risk APE combined with RVD by CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) at Peking University People's Hospital from December 2012 to December 2022 were included, including 42 males and 50 females, with a mean age of 67.3±10.9 years. The patients were divided into the ICU admission group (31 cases) and the non ICU admission group (61 cases). General information, clinical characteristics, biochemical tests, and imaging indicators of the two groups of patients were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for APE combined with RVD patients entering the ICU, and a risk prediction model was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of relevant indicators for APE combined with RVD patients entering the ICU, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the model.
ResultsCompared with non ICU group, patients in ICU group had faster heart rate and respiratory rate, lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), higher level of D-dimer in coagulation function indicators, and a higher proportion of patients with a history of trauma/fracture (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SBP, BNP, hs-cTnI, PASP, and D-dimer were independent risk factors for ICU admission in patients with APE and RVD (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that when SBP>119 mmHg (AUC=0.879, 95% CI: 0.811-0.947), the likelihood of admission to the ICU decreased, while when BNP>416 pg/ml (AUC=0.996, 95% CI: 0.988-1.000), hs-cTnI>321.15 pg/ml (AUC=0.801, 95% CI: 0.694-0.907), D-dimer>686 ng/ml (AUC=0.852, 95% CI: 0.771-0.933) or PASP>41 mmHg (AUC=0.967, 95% CI: 0.905-1.000), the likelihood of admission to the ICU increased (all P<0.001). A risk prediction model (Score1 model, value range [0, 5]) was established, with a cut-off point value of 3 points (AUC=0.999, 95% CI: 0.996-1.000, P<0.001). In patients with APE combined with RVD, when the score was ≤ 3 points, the likelihood of the patient entering the ICU increased; while when the score was > 3 points, the likelihood decreased.
ConclusionsThe SBP, BNP, hs-cTnI, PASP, and D-dimer are independent risk factors that affect the admission of APE combined with RVD patients to the ICU. The risk prediction model based on these factors demonstrates strong predictive value for ICU admission in such patients.
付春,朱凤雪,陈源源,等. 急性肺栓塞合并右心功能不全患者进入重症监护室的相关危险因素分析及风险预测[J]. 中国心血管杂志,2025,30(01):45-51.
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5410.2025.01.008除非特别声明,本刊刊出的所有文章不代表本刊编辑委员会的观点。
项目 | 未入ICU组(61例) | 入ICU组(31例) | t/ χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(
|
67.1±10.6 | 67.8±11.6 | -0.286 | 0.776 |
女性[例(%)] | 34(55.7) | 16(51.6) | 0.141 | 0.707 |
体质指数(
|
24.23±3.67 | 24.66±4.34 | -0.433 | 0.619 |
吸烟史[例(%)] | 14(23.0) | 8(25.8) | 0.092 | 0.761 |
饮酒史[例(%)] | 13(21.3) | 7(22.6) | 0.019 | 0.889 |
体温(
|
36.62±0.61 | 36.57±0.33 | 0.391 | 0.680 |
心率(
|
77.8±8.2 | 92.1±7.2 | -5.408 | <0.001 |
呼吸频率(
|
18.1±1.2 | 25.0±2.1 | -19.724 | <0.001 |
SBP(
|
121.07±5.46 | 105.06±14.11 | 7.810 | <0.001 |
DBP(
|
75.16±4.10 | 66.97±10.42 | 5.398 | <0.001 |
病史[例(%)] | ||||
糖尿病 | 20(32.8) | 5(16.1) | 2.882 | 0.090 |
高血压 | 36(59.0) | 15(48.4) | 0.940 | 0.332 |
冠心病 | 12(19.7) | 7(22.6) | 0.106 | 0.745 |
肿瘤 | 7(11.5) | 4(12.9) | 0.040 | 0.842 |
创伤/骨折 | 2(3.3) | 6(19.4) | 4.819 | 0.028 |
注:APE,急性肺栓塞;RVD,右心功能不全;ICU,重症监护室;SBP,收缩压;DBP,舒张压
项目 | 未入ICU组(61例) | 入ICU组(31例) | t/ χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
WBC(
|
4.66±1.69 | 4.87±1.29 | 0.578 | 0.540 |
RBC(
|
4.11±0.45 | 3.97±0.15 | 1.621 | 0.097 |
Hb(
|
120.44±22.41 | 118.39±23.17 | 0.411 | 0.682 |
PLT(
|
222.89±142.02 | 280.71±124.93 | -1.920 | 0.058 |
pH(
|
7.38±0.28 | 7.42±0.09 | 1.078 | 0.420 |
PaO
2(
|
87.28±10.53 | 89.29±10.22 | -0.873 | 0.383 |
PaCO
2(
|
39.41±3.15 | 39.12±2.97 | 0.432 | 0.671 |
Lac(
|
2.11±1.82 | 2.37±1.62 | -0.730 | 0.517 |
BUN(
|
6.10±2.23 | 6.86±2.87 | -1.327 | 0.162 |
Cr(
|
74.46±16.66 | 77.77±16.23 | -0.910 | 0.365 |
BNP[M(Q 1,Q 3),pg/ml] | 234.00(181.50,310.50) | 632.00(485.00,897.00) | -7.367 | <0.001 |
hs-cTnI[M(Q 1,Q 3),pg/ml] | 229.80(215.50,315.50) | 411.30(249.30,512.60) | -7.346 | <0.001 |
血糖(
|
5.92±3.03 | 5.93±2.25 | -0.089 | 0.984 |
ALT(
|
16.31±5.59 | 17.97±3.18 | -0.949 | 0.345 |
AST(
|
21.34±4.32 | 23.35±3.13 | -1.335 | 0.185 |
LDL-C(
|
2.44±0.74 | 2.49±0.77 | -0.389 | 0.771 |
HDL-C(
|
1.05±0.22 | 1.03±0.26 | 0.831 | 0.692 |
TC(
|
3.18±0.53 | 3.37±0.46 | -0.294 | 0.094 |
TG(
|
1.51±0.96 | 1.51±0.75 | 0.092 | 0.988 |
PT(
|
18.51±11.20 | 16.43±5.78 | 0.977 | 0.335 |
APTT(
|
28.61±8.51 | 27.68±5.15 | 0.557 | 0.578 |
FIB(
|
396.72±148.81 | 433.81±97.57 | -1.255 | 0.213 |
D-dimer[M(Q 1,Q 3),ng/ml] | 513.00(305.00,672.50) | 999.00(706.00,2 469.00) | -3.986 | <0.001 |
LVEF(
|
59.36±2.58 | 50.55±2.49 | 15.687 | <0.001 |
PASP(
|
34.69±2.51 | 47.10±7.61 | -11.602 | <0.001 |
心电图异常[例(%)] | 13(21.3) | 6(19.4) | 0.048 | 0.827 |
注:APE,急性肺栓塞;RVD,右心功能不全;ICU,重症监护室;WBC,白细胞计数;RBC,红细胞计数;Hb,血红蛋白;PLT,血小板计数;PaO 2,动脉血氧分压;PaCO 2,动脉血二氧化碳分压;Lac,乳酸;BUN,血尿素氮;Cr,血肌酐;BNP,B型利钠肽;hs-cTnI,高敏肌钙蛋白I;ALT,丙氨酸转氨酶;AST,天冬氨酸转氨酶;LDL-C,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;TC,总胆固醇;TG,三酰甘油;PT,凝血酶原时间;APTT,活化部分凝血活酶时间;FIB,纤维蛋白原;D-dimer,D-二聚体;LVEF,左心室射血分数;PASP,肺动脉收缩压;心电图异常:V 1~V 4导联的T波改变、ST段异常等
因素 | B值 | SE值 | Wald χ 2值 | df | P值 | OR值 | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SBP | -0.223 | 0.055 | 16.471 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.800 | 0.692~0.908 |
BNP | 0.061 | 0.025 | 6.053 | 1 | 0.014 | 1.062 | 1.013~1.111 |
hs-cTnI | 0.012 | 0.003 | 15.256 | 1 | <0.001 | 1.012 | 1.006~1.018 |
PASP | 0.834 | 0.202 | 16.988 | 1 | <0.001 | 2.303 | 1.907~2.699 |
D-dimer | 0.004 | 0.001 | 11.593 | 1 | 0.001 | 1.004 | 1.002~1.006 |
注:APE,急性肺栓塞;RVD,右心功能不全;ICU,重症监护室;SBP,收缩压;BNP,B型利钠肽;hs-cTnI,高敏肌钙蛋白I;PASP,肺动脉收缩压;D-dimer,D-二聚体
注:APE,急性肺栓塞;RVD,右心功能不全;ICU,重症监护室;ROC,受试者工作特征;SBP,收缩压;BNP,B型利钠肽;hs-cTnI,高敏肌钙蛋白I;D-dimer,D-二聚体;PASP,肺动脉收缩压
注:APE,急性肺栓塞;RVD,右心功能不全;ICU,重症监护室;ROC,受试者工作特征

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