As the main equipment of particle radiotherapy, strict quality control procedures of medical heavy ion accelerators need to be implemented to ensure the reliable operation of radiotherapy. Therefore, quality control of medical heavy ion accelerators is an important component of ensuring the quality of the entire radiotherapy process. The guidelines provide guidance on quality control methods for heavy ion therapy centers in China, covering various aspects such as personnel configuration, mechanical performance, safety interlocking, dosimetric performance, and image guidance systems, etc. When formulating this guideline, the aim is to unify the quality control projects of various domestic institutions based on published domestic and international standards. Considering the performance and operational differences among different brands and models of equipment, their benchmarks and testing methods are not unique. The quality control methods provided in the guidelines are only for reference, while benchmarks need to refer to the measurement results during equipment acceptance. The testing frequency of the quality control project for medical heavy ion accelerators should follow the requirements of the guidelines. After the equipment malfunctions are repaired, additional quality control is required, which should cover the quality control items that may be affected by the fault repair.