目的探讨先天性食管狭窄的诊断和治疗经验。
方法回顾分析2017年6月至2022年8月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院收治的17例先天性食管狭窄患儿的临床资料,其中男13例,女4例;中位年龄为21.5个月。17例患儿中合并心脏畸形2例,肠旋转不良1例,食管裂孔疝1例,先天性食管闭锁合并食管下段先天性狭窄1例。分析并总结其诊断和治疗方法。
结果所有病例在入院后经食管造影、病理检查或手术明确诊断。17例患儿中,4例采取保守治疗或内镜下食管扩张治疗;另外13例接受手术治疗,其中胸腔镜10例,开胸2例,腹腔镜1例。经病理结果明确诊断为气管软骨异位9例、纤维肌性狭窄4例。胸腔镜手术后6例患儿出现食管吻合口狭窄,平均于8次扩张后症状得到缓解。开胸及腹腔镜手术的3例患儿同样出现了不同程度的食管狭窄,接受内镜下球囊扩张后可顺利进食。
结论先天性食管狭窄需根据分型不同采取不同的诊疗策略,气管软骨异位通常扩张治疗效果不满意,胸腔镜手术在临床治疗上具有很大优势,结合术后扩张治疗可达到满意效果。
ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment methods of congenital esophageal stenosis.
MethodsThe clinical data of 17 children with congenital esophageal stenosis admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 2017 to August 2022 were collected, of which 13 cases were males and four cases were females, with a median age of 21.5 months. There were two cases of combined cardiac malformations, one case of intestinal malrotation, one case of hiatal hernia, and one case of congenital esophageal atresia combined with congenital stenosis of the lower part of the esophagus. Their diagnoses and treatments were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.
ResultsAll cases were clearly diagnosed by esophagography, pathological examination or surgery after admission. Among the 17 children, four cases were treated with conservative treatment or endoscopic esophageal dilatation. The other 13 cases received surgical treatment, including 10 cases of thoracoscopy, two cases of open chest surgery and one case of laparoscopy. Nine cases of tracheal cartilage ectasia and four cases of fibromuscular stenosis were clearly diagnosed by pathological findings. Six children developed esophageal anastomotic stenosis after thoracoscopic surgery, and the symptoms were relieved after an average of eight dilatations. Esophageal stenosis of varying degrees was also observed in three children who underwent open thoracic and laparoscopic surgery.
ConclusionsCongenital esophageal stenosis requires different diagnostic and treatment strategies according to different types, and the effect of dilatation of tracheal cartilage ectasia is usually unsatisfactory. Thoracoscopic surgery has a great advantage in clinical treatment, and the combination of postoperative dilatation treatment can achieve satisfactory results.
杨婷,黄金狮,曾骐. 先天性食管狭窄17例诊断和治疗报告[J]. 中华小儿外科杂志,2025,46(03):208-211.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn421158-20231121-00513版权归中华医学会所有。
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临床资料 | 术中病理分型 | 非手术治疗 | 合计 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
气管软骨异位 | 纤维肌性狭窄 | |||
例数 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 17 |
症状发生年龄[月, M( Q 1, Q 3)] | 22.0(15.5,58.0) | 36.5(18.5,77.0) | 10.0(8.5,119.5) | 21.5(11.0,47.8) |
性别(男) | 6 | 3 | 4 | 13 |
症状 | ||||
吞咽困难 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 10 |
呕吐 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
纳奶困难 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
合并畸形 | ||||
无 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 12 |
消化系统畸形 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
循环系统畸形 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |

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