目的评估5岁以下儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸的中长期手术疗效和并发症。
方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2022年1月郑州大学第三附属医院骨科手术治疗的先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸患儿27例的临床资料,其中男14例,女13例,年龄为(1.9±1.0)岁,范围在0.7~4.0岁。患儿术前均有不同程度的肩部不平衡和颈部倾斜。所有患儿均行一期后路矫形手术,其中18例患儿行半椎体切除联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术,7例患儿行单纯半椎体切除术不使用脊柱内固定,2例分节障碍型患儿行凸侧截骨和对侧骨桥松解联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术。在术前、术后及末次随访时全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量影像学指标,包括节段侧凸角、远端代偿弯、T1倾斜角、锁骨角、颈部倾斜角、冠状面平衡、节段后凸角和矢状面平衡。测量结果的比较采用配对 t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩检验。记录并发症情况。
结果所有患儿手术时间为(181.9±58.0)min,术中出血量为(242.2±130.8)ml,随访时间为(80.3±44.7)个月,固定节段为(3.3±1.3)个。节段侧凸角由术前47.6°±10.2°矫正到术后10.4°±6.5°( P<0.001),矫正率为(78.4±11.9)%,末次随访时为11.6°±7.9°。远端代偿弯由术前的22.1°±10.0°自发矫正到术后8.7°±5.3°( P<0.001),矫正率为(58.0±19.8)%,末次随访时为9.9°±6.2°。T1倾斜角由术前21.4°±9.0°矫正到术后8.2°±6.3°( P<0.001),矫正率为(61.8±21.9)%,末次随访时为9.0°±8.4°。锁骨角由术前7.8°±4.0°矫正到术后3.9°±2.9°( P<0.001),矫正率为(51.5±39.4)%,末次随访时为3.4°±3.0°。颈部倾斜角由术前11.4°±5.0°矫正到术后5.0°±3.9°( P<0.001),矫正率为(58.1±24.0)%,末次随访时为4.9°±4.2°。节段后凸角由术前20.8°±8.5°矫正到术后13.0°±4.4°( P<0.001),矫正率为(32.2±26.4)%,末次随访时为11.9°±4.7°。术后一过性神经根损伤3例,Horner综合征1例,胸腔积液1例。2例因矫正丢失行翻修手术。
结论早期手术治疗低龄儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸可有效矫正局部畸形和改善外观,中长期矫形效果满意,对于部分婴幼儿可以考虑单纯半椎体切除而不使用内固定。手术相关神经系统并发症的发生率较高,对于高位胸椎半椎体,截骨水平下移一节椎体可能是一种可行的、安全的手术方式。
ObjectiveTo evaluate the middle-term and long-term surgical outcomes of congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis in children younger than 5 years old and the complications.
MethodsThe clinical data of 27 consecutive pediatric cases of congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis treated by orthopedic surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2007 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 14 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 1.9±1.0 (0.7-4.0) years. All patients had varying degrees of preoperative shoulder imbalance and neck tilt. They were all surgically treated with one-stage surgery via a posterior approach, of whom18 patients underwent hemivertebra resection with transpedicular screw fixation, 7 underwent hemivertebra resection without internal fixation, and 2 with a failure of vertebral segmentation underwent convex osteotomy and contralateral bar release combined with pedicle screw internal fixation. Radiographic parameters, including segmental scoliosis, distal compensatory curve, T1 tilt, clavicle angle, neck tilt, coronal balance distance, segmental kyphosis, and sagittal vertical axis, were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up on the full-spine anteroposterior and lateral X-ray scans. The results of the measurements were statistically analyzed using the paired-sample t tests or Wilcoxon signed rank test. Complications were recorded.
ResultsThe mean operation time was 181.9±58.0min, with an average blood loss of 242.2±130.8ml. The mean follow-up period was 80.3±44.7months. An average of3.3±1.3 segments was fused. The segmental scoliosis was significantly improved from 47.6±10.2° preoperatively to 10.4±6.5° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 78.4%±11.9% and segmental scoliosis of 11.6°±7.9° at the last follow-up. The distal compensatory curve was spontaneously corrected from 22.1±10.0° preoperatively to 8.7±5.3° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 58.0%±19.8% and distal compensatory curve of 9.9°±6.2° at the last follow-up. The T1 tilt was significantly improved from 21.4°±9.0° preoperatively to 8.2°±6.3° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 61.8%±21.9% and T1 tilt of 9.0°±8.4° at the last follow-up. The clavicle angle was significantly improved from 7.8°±4.0° preoperatively to 3.9°±2.9° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 51.5%±39.4% and clavicle angle of 3.4°±3.0° at the last follow-up. The neck tilt was significantlyimproved from 11.4°±5.0° preoperatively to 5.0°±3.9° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 58.1%±24.0% and neck tilt of 4.9°±4.2° at the last follow-up. The segmental kyphosis was significantly improved from 20.8°±8.5° preoperatively to 13.0°±4.4° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 32.2%±26.4% and segmental kyphosis of 11.9°±4.7° at the last follow-up. Three cases of transient nerve root injury, one case of Horner syndrome, and one case of pleural effusion were reported. Two cases underwent revision surgery due to a loss of correction.
ConclusionsEarly surgical intervention for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis in younger children can effectively correct the local deformities and improve the appearance, with satisfactory middle-termand long-term correction outcomes. Hemivertebra resection without an internal fixation may be considered for some very young children. For the higher level of thoracic hemivertebra, the osteotomy level being shifted down one vertebra may bea feasible and safe surgical procedure.
张策飞,刘福云,许可,等. 5岁以下儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸中长期手术疗效与并发症分析[J]. 中华小儿外科杂志,2025,46(03):237-243.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn421158-20240808-00342版权归中华医学会所有。
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影像学指标 | 术前 | 术后 | 末次随访 | t 1/ Z 1值 | P 1值 | t 2/ Z 2值 | P 2值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
冠状面 | |||||||
节段侧凸角(°) | 47.6±10.2 | 10.4±6.5 | 11.6±7.9 | 20.82 | <0.001 | -0.93 | 0.363 |
远端代偿弯(°) | 22.1±10.0 | 8.7±5.3 | 9.9±6.2 | 8.77 | <0.001 | -1.14 | 0.264 |
T1倾斜角(°) | 21.4±9.0 | 8.2±6.3 | 9.0±8.4 | 9.57 | <0.001 | -0.61 | 0.545 |
锁骨角(°) | 7.8±4.0 | 3.9±2.9 | 3.4±3.0 | 7.98 | <0.001 | 0.75 | 0.462 |
颈部倾斜角(°) | 11.4±5.0 | 5.0±3.9 | 4.9±4.2 | 8.44 | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.854 |
冠状面平衡[mm, M( Q 1, Q 3)] | 14.3(6.1,22.4) | 7.6(2.1,13.8) | 11.3(3.9,20.2) | -2.11 | 0.034 | -1.87 | 0.061 |
矢状面 | |||||||
节段后凸角(°) | 20.8±8.5 | 13.0±4.4 | 11.9±4.7 | 5.22 | <0.001 | 1.27 | 0.215 |
矢状面平衡(mm) | 14.3±30.9 | 32.3±28.2 | 0.0±31.9 | -2.84 | 0.009 | 4.32 | <0.001 |
注: t 1/ Z 1值和 P 1值代表术后比术前; t 2/ Z 2值和 P 2值代表末次随访比术后。

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