临床研究
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
5岁以下儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸中长期手术疗效与并发症分析
张策飞
刘福云
许可
胡伟明
夏冰
赵裕丰
王子立
李冲豪
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn421158-20240808-00342
Analysis of the middle-term and long-term surgical efficacy in congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis among children younger than 5 years old and the complications
Zhang Cefei
Liu Fuyun
Xu Ke
Hu Weiming
Xia Bing
Zhao Yufeng
Wang Zili
Li Chonghao
Authors Info & Affiliations
Zhang Cefei
Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Liu Fuyun
Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Xu Ke
Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Hu Weiming
Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Xia Bing
Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Zhao Yufeng
Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Wang Zili
Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Li Chonghao
Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn421158-20240808-00342
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摘要

目的评估5岁以下儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸的中长期手术疗效和并发症。

方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2022年1月郑州大学第三附属医院骨科手术治疗的先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸患儿27例的临床资料,其中男14例,女13例,年龄为(1.9±1.0)岁,范围在0.7~4.0岁。患儿术前均有不同程度的肩部不平衡和颈部倾斜。所有患儿均行一期后路矫形手术,其中18例患儿行半椎体切除联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术,7例患儿行单纯半椎体切除术不使用脊柱内固定,2例分节障碍型患儿行凸侧截骨和对侧骨桥松解联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术。在术前、术后及末次随访时全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量影像学指标,包括节段侧凸角、远端代偿弯、T1倾斜角、锁骨角、颈部倾斜角、冠状面平衡、节段后凸角和矢状面平衡。测量结果的比较采用配对 t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩检验。记录并发症情况。

结果所有患儿手术时间为(181.9±58.0)min,术中出血量为(242.2±130.8)ml,随访时间为(80.3±44.7)个月,固定节段为(3.3±1.3)个。节段侧凸角由术前47.6°±10.2°矫正到术后10.4°±6.5°( P<0.001),矫正率为(78.4±11.9)%,末次随访时为11.6°±7.9°。远端代偿弯由术前的22.1°±10.0°自发矫正到术后8.7°±5.3°( P<0.001),矫正率为(58.0±19.8)%,末次随访时为9.9°±6.2°。T1倾斜角由术前21.4°±9.0°矫正到术后8.2°±6.3°( P<0.001),矫正率为(61.8±21.9)%,末次随访时为9.0°±8.4°。锁骨角由术前7.8°±4.0°矫正到术后3.9°±2.9°( P<0.001),矫正率为(51.5±39.4)%,末次随访时为3.4°±3.0°。颈部倾斜角由术前11.4°±5.0°矫正到术后5.0°±3.9°( P<0.001),矫正率为(58.1±24.0)%,末次随访时为4.9°±4.2°。节段后凸角由术前20.8°±8.5°矫正到术后13.0°±4.4°( P<0.001),矫正率为(32.2±26.4)%,末次随访时为11.9°±4.7°。术后一过性神经根损伤3例,Horner综合征1例,胸腔积液1例。2例因矫正丢失行翻修手术。

结论早期手术治疗低龄儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸可有效矫正局部畸形和改善外观,中长期矫形效果满意,对于部分婴幼儿可以考虑单纯半椎体切除而不使用内固定。手术相关神经系统并发症的发生率较高,对于高位胸椎半椎体,截骨水平下移一节椎体可能是一种可行的、安全的手术方式。

脊柱侧凸;颈椎;胸椎;矫形术;儿童
ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo evaluate the middle-term and long-term surgical outcomes of congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis in children younger than 5 years old and the complications.

MethodsThe clinical data of 27 consecutive pediatric cases of congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis treated by orthopedic surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2007 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 14 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 1.9±1.0 (0.7-4.0) years. All patients had varying degrees of preoperative shoulder imbalance and neck tilt. They were all surgically treated with one-stage surgery via a posterior approach, of whom18 patients underwent hemivertebra resection with transpedicular screw fixation, 7 underwent hemivertebra resection without internal fixation, and 2 with a failure of vertebral segmentation underwent convex osteotomy and contralateral bar release combined with pedicle screw internal fixation. Radiographic parameters, including segmental scoliosis, distal compensatory curve, T1 tilt, clavicle angle, neck tilt, coronal balance distance, segmental kyphosis, and sagittal vertical axis, were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up on the full-spine anteroposterior and lateral X-ray scans. The results of the measurements were statistically analyzed using the paired-sample t tests or Wilcoxon signed rank test. Complications were recorded.

ResultsThe mean operation time was 181.9±58.0min, with an average blood loss of 242.2±130.8ml. The mean follow-up period was 80.3±44.7months. An average of3.3±1.3 segments was fused. The segmental scoliosis was significantly improved from 47.6±10.2° preoperatively to 10.4±6.5° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 78.4%±11.9% and segmental scoliosis of 11.6°±7.9° at the last follow-up. The distal compensatory curve was spontaneously corrected from 22.1±10.0° preoperatively to 8.7±5.3° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 58.0%±19.8% and distal compensatory curve of 9.9°±6.2° at the last follow-up. The T1 tilt was significantly improved from 21.4°±9.0° preoperatively to 8.2°±6.3° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 61.8%±21.9% and T1 tilt of 9.0°±8.4° at the last follow-up. The clavicle angle was significantly improved from 7.8°±4.0° preoperatively to 3.9°±2.9° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 51.5%±39.4% and clavicle angle of 3.4°±3.0° at the last follow-up. The neck tilt was significantlyimproved from 11.4°±5.0° preoperatively to 5.0°±3.9° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 58.1%±24.0% and neck tilt of 4.9°±4.2° at the last follow-up. The segmental kyphosis was significantly improved from 20.8°±8.5° preoperatively to 13.0°±4.4° postoperatively ( P<0.001), with a correction rate of 32.2%±26.4% and segmental kyphosis of 11.9°±4.7° at the last follow-up. Three cases of transient nerve root injury, one case of Horner syndrome, and one case of pleural effusion were reported. Two cases underwent revision surgery due to a loss of correction.

ConclusionsEarly surgical intervention for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis in younger children can effectively correct the local deformities and improve the appearance, with satisfactory middle-termand long-term correction outcomes. Hemivertebra resection without an internal fixation may be considered for some very young children. For the higher level of thoracic hemivertebra, the osteotomy level being shifted down one vertebra may bea feasible and safe surgical procedure.

Scoliosis;Cervical vertebra;Thoracic vertebrae;Orthopaedics;Child
Liu Fuyun, Email: mocdef.6ab21111nuyufuil
引用本文

张策飞,刘福云,许可,等. 5岁以下儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸中长期手术疗效与并发症分析[J]. 中华小儿外科杂志,2025,46(03):237-243.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn421158-20240808-00342

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先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸是指发生在下颈椎及上胸椎交界区域(C6~T4)的先天性脊柱畸形,与胸段或腰段相比发病率较低 [ 1 , 2 ]。颈胸段是灵活的颈椎和相对固定的胸椎间的过渡区域,应力相对集中,较小的侧凸角度即可引起肩部不平衡、斜颈等明显的外观畸形 [ 3 ]。支具或石膏等保守治疗对外观改善及预防畸形进展的效果十分有限。因此,尽早进行手术干预是唯一有效的治疗策略 [ 4 ]。颈胸交界区解剖结构复杂并且具有独特的生物力学特点,其治疗尤其具有挑战性。目前少有关于低龄儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸中长期手术疗效的报道。本研究旨在评估5岁以下儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸的中长期手术疗效和并发症。
资料与方法
一、一般资料
回顾性分析2007年1月至2022年1月于郑州大学第三附属医院骨科接受手术治疗的先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸患儿的临床及影像学资料。纳入标准:①发生于颈胸段(C6~T4)的先天性脊柱侧凸,包括椎体形成障碍、椎体分节障碍及混合型;②行一期后路矫形手术治疗,包括使用内固定和不使用内固定;③术后随访2年以上;④手术年龄<5岁。排除标准:①既往有脊柱矫形手术史;②影像学资料不完整或质量欠佳。最终共27例患儿纳入本研究,男14例,女13例,年龄为(1.9±1.0)岁,范围在0.7~4.0岁。本研究经郑州大学第三附属医院伦理委员会审批批准(202417001),患儿家属均签署知情同意书。
二、手术方法
所有患儿均行一期后路矫形手术,其中18例患儿行半椎体切除联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术,7例患儿行单纯半椎体切除术不使用脊柱内固定,2例分节障碍型患儿行凸侧截骨和对侧骨桥松解联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术。4例T2半椎体的患儿在T3进行截骨。所有手术均由同一位在先天性脊柱畸形治疗方面具有丰富经验的专家进行。
手术全程使用脊髓体感诱发电位和运动诱发电位密切监测患儿情况。患儿全身麻醉下取俯卧位,标准正中切口,逐层切开,剥离椎旁肌肉,暴露半椎体上下需要融合的骨膜下椎体节段。切除半椎体的后部结构,包括棘突、椎板、横突和上、下关节突。小心暴露半椎体上下的神经根,应用橡皮条牵拉予以保护。术中注意保护脊髓、神经根和血管。根据术前设计,参考3D打印脊柱模型,在半椎体上下椎体椎弓根置入椎弓根螺钉。截骨前在对侧放置临时棒稳定脊柱防止移位。暴露和分离半椎体及其软骨终板和上下椎间盘,将其完全切除至相邻正常椎体的松质骨,不能残留半椎体及骺板。在合并对侧骨桥的病例中,对骨桥进行松解。分离与半椎体相连肋骨的肋椎关节及肋横突关节,切除肋骨头至肋骨后角,注意避免损伤壁层胸膜。放置预弯连接棒并旋转,凸侧加压,凹侧撑开,逐渐矫正侧凸及后凸畸形。在C型臂透视下,当钉棒位置正确及畸形矫正满意时,将切除的半椎体及椎板骨进行去皮质后放置于融合节段椎间隙进行自体骨植骨。放置引流管,逐层缝合切口,结束手术。不用内固定的患儿手术时不切开和暴露半椎体对侧,术后石膏固定,依靠重力使半椎体切除后的间隙逐渐闭合达到骨愈合。
术后佩戴矫形支具或石膏背心至少3~6个月,直到影像学数据显示植骨完全融合,期间根据患儿的生长速度及时调整或更换。
三、影像学评估
所有患儿术前、术后及末次随访时均拍摄全脊柱正侧位X线片,测量颈胸段节段侧凸角、远端代偿弯、T1倾斜角、锁骨角、颈部倾斜角、冠状面平衡、颈胸段节段后凸角和矢状面平衡。相关指标测量方法:①T1倾斜角,T1上终板与水平线之间夹角;②锁骨角,两侧锁骨最高切点连线与水平线之间夹角;③颈部倾斜角,冠状面上C2和C7椎体中心连线与中垂线的夹角;④冠状面平衡,冠状面上C7铅垂线与骶骨中垂线间的水平距离;⑤矢状面平衡,矢状面上C7铅垂线与经骶骨后上角的垂线的水平距离。所有患儿术前均行颈胸段CT及三维重建确定畸形位置和类型,行全脊髓MRI评估椎管内情况。
四、统计学方法
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据分析。服从正态分布的计量资料采用 ± s表示,术前、术后及末次随访时测量结果的比较采用配对 t检验;不服从正态分布的计量资料采用 MQ 1 Q 3 )表示,测量结果的比较采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验。 P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果
患儿手术时间为(181.9±58.0)min,范围在100~310 min;术中出血量为(242.2±130.8)ml,范围在80~600 ml;随访时间为(80.3±44.7)个月,范围在28~182个月;固定节段为(3.3±1.3)个,范围在2~6个。13例患儿同时伴发其他节段的先天性脊柱畸形,13例患儿合并脊髓神经系统畸形。
术前、术后和末次随访时的冠状面及矢状面影像学参数测量结果见 表1图1图2图3 ,节段侧凸角矫正率为(78.4±11.9)%,末次随访时为11.6°±7.9°,与术后比较无明显矫形丢失( P=0.363)。远端代偿弯矫正率为(58.0±19.8)%,T1倾斜角矫正率为(61.8±21.9)%,锁骨角矫正率为(51.5±39.4)%,颈部倾斜角矫正率为(58.1±24.0)%,节段后凸角矫正率为(32.2±26.4)%。T1倾斜角、锁骨角以及颈部倾斜角术后均较术前得到了明显改善( P<0.001),在末次随访时均未出现明显矫正丢失( P>0.05)。
先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸患儿影像学检查图(男,3岁) A~B.术前全脊柱正侧位X线片示颈胸段节段侧凸角为41°,远端代偿弯为8°,T1倾斜角为23°,锁骨角为8°,颈部倾斜角为5°;C.术前CT三维重建示右侧T4半椎体畸形;D~E.行后路右侧T4半椎体切除联合椎弓根螺钉内固定,术后全脊柱正侧位X线片示颈胸段节段侧凸角为3°,远端代偿弯为4°,T1倾斜角为1°,锁骨角为3°,颈部倾斜角为2°;F~G.术后13年随访时,全脊柱正侧位X线片示矫形效果维持良好,随访期间未见明显矫正丢失
先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸患儿影像学检查图(男,2岁) A~B.术前全脊柱正侧位X线片示颈胸段节段侧凸角为54°,远端代偿弯为15°,T1倾斜角28°,锁骨角为10°,颈部倾斜角为11°;C.术前CT三维重建示右侧T2和T4半椎体伴左侧T1~T6分节不良,T3蝴蝶椎;D~F.行后路T3右侧半椎体切除联合椎弓根螺钉内固定,术后全脊柱正侧位X线片示颈胸段节段侧凸角为14°,远端代偿弯为8°,T1倾斜角为13°,锁骨角为7°,颈部倾斜角为7°;G~H.术后3年随访时,全脊柱正侧位X线片示矫形效果维持良好,随访期间未见明显矫正丢失
先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸患儿影像学检查图(女,1岁) A~B.术前全脊柱正侧位X线片示颈胸段节段侧凸角为43°,远端代偿弯为23°,T1倾斜角26°,锁骨角为10°,颈部倾斜角为20°;C.术前CT三维重建示左侧T2半椎体及T3蝴蝶椎;D~E.行后路T3左侧半椎体切除不使用内固定,术后全脊柱正侧位X线片示颈胸段节段侧凸角为16°,远端代偿弯为5°,T1倾斜角为17°,锁骨角为7°,颈部倾斜角为15°;F~G.术后5年随访时,全脊柱正侧位X线片示矫形效果进一步改善,颈胸段节段侧凸角为4°,远端代偿弯为4°,T1倾斜角为3°,锁骨角为1°,颈部倾斜角为6°,随访期间未见明显矫正丢失
影像学指标 术前 术后 末次随访 t 1/ Z 1 P 1 t 2/ Z 2 P 2
冠状面              
节段侧凸角(°) 47.6±10.2 10.4±6.5 11.6±7.9 20.82 <0.001 -0.93 0.363
远端代偿弯(°) 22.1±10.0 8.7±5.3 9.9±6.2 8.77 <0.001 -1.14 0.264
T1倾斜角(°) 21.4±9.0 8.2±6.3 9.0±8.4 9.57 <0.001 -0.61 0.545
锁骨角(°) 7.8±4.0 3.9±2.9 3.4±3.0 7.98 <0.001 0.75 0.462
颈部倾斜角(°) 11.4±5.0 5.0±3.9 4.9±4.2 8.44 <0.001 0.19 0.854
冠状面平衡[mm, MQ 1Q 3)] 14.3(6.1,22.4) 7.6(2.1,13.8) 11.3(3.9,20.2) -2.11 0.034 -1.87 0.061
矢状面              
节段后凸角(°) 20.8±8.5 13.0±4.4 11.9±4.7 5.22 <0.001 1.27 0.215
矢状面平衡(mm) 14.3±30.9 32.3±28.2 0.0±31.9 -2.84 0.009 4.32 <0.001
27例先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸患儿手术前后影像学测量指标的比较( ± s

注: t 1/ Z 1值和 P 1值代表术后比术前; t 2/ Z 2值和 P 2值代表末次随访比术后。

3例患儿术后出现一过性神经根损伤,1例患儿术后出现Horner综合征,均进行保守治疗,症状逐渐缓解,术后3个月随访时得到恢复。1例患儿术后出现胸腔积液,经对症治疗后好转。1例患儿因半椎体残留行翻修手术,1例患儿因远端代偿弯失代偿行翻修手术。无假关节、内固定松动、钉棒断裂、严重感染等严重并发症发生。
讨论
先天性脊柱侧凸(congenital scoliosis,CS)是由于胚胎时期脊椎发育异常所致的一种脊柱畸形,导致脊柱生长不平衡,可分为椎体形成障碍、椎体分节障碍及混合型 [ 5 , 6 ]。半椎体是CS中最常见的类型,大多数半椎体具有正常的生长板,随着脊柱生长导致畸形进行性加重 [ 7 ]。对于进展较快及预后差的CS患儿,保守治疗效果甚微,通常提倡早期手术治疗以防止局部畸形的进一步加重和继发畸形的形成,从而使脊柱未受影响的部分正常生长 [ 8 ]。否则,脊柱畸形将进一步加重,矫形难度增加,融合节段增多,手术创伤、术中出血量及手术时间增加,并且伴有较高的神经损伤的风险,同时也给患儿家庭带来更大的经济负担 [ 9 ]。Chang等 [ 10 ]报道6岁前患儿组行半椎体切除椎弓根螺钉内固定术的畸形矫正效果明显优于6岁后患儿组。Nadirov等 [ 11 ]对学龄前(4岁以下)和小学学龄(6岁及以上)儿童先天性脊柱畸形手术疗效进行对比分析,发现手术治疗的有效性在学龄前儿童中要明显高于学龄儿童,并且学龄前儿童可以通过更短的融合节段来实现全面的矫正。颈胸段脊柱畸形患儿早期及时矫正可以恢复头颈部及躯干平衡,尽可能减少脊柱畸形对面部和眼部发育的影响 [ 2 , 12 ]。本组患儿平均手术年龄为1.9岁,术前均存在不同程度的肩部不平衡和颈部倾斜,矫形术后外观得到了明显改善。
由于脊柱的发育和脊髓的发育在时间上存在高度相关性,故CS患儿常合并有脊髓神经系统的异常,主要包括脊髓纵裂、脊髓拴系、脊髓空洞等 [ 13 ]。Wu等 [ 14 ]报道636例行手术治疗的CS患儿中有186例合并椎管内异常。刘福云等 [ 15 ]报道122例CS患儿中有63例合并脊髓畸形。合并脊髓神经系统异常的患儿应先行脊髓畸形的治疗,根据患儿自身条件在安全的前提下同期或分期治疗颈胸段脊柱畸形或其他脊柱畸形 [ 16 ]。本研究有13例患儿(48.1%,13/27)合并脊髓神经系统畸形,其中9例同期行脊髓神经系统畸形手术。
既往文献报道先天性颈胸段脊柱畸形的手术方式多样,矫正效果不一。Chen等 [ 2 ]采用单纯后路半椎体切除术治疗18例颈胸段半椎体患儿,术后矫正率为58%。Wang等 [ 17 ]对25例先天性颈胸段脊柱侧后凸畸形患儿进行360°截骨术,术后矫正率为74.5%。Yu等 [ 18 ]报道前后联合入路治疗先天性颈胸段侧凸畸形,取得了满意的临床效果。Cao等 [ 19 ]描述了凹侧撑开术矫正颈胸段先天性脊柱侧凸畸形,术后矫正率为66.7%。张锴等 [ 20 ]采用3D打印联合"O"型臂导航辅助半椎体切除治疗先天性颈胸段侧凸畸形,术后矫正率为78.6%。本研究所有患儿均行一期后路矫形手术,其中18例行半椎体切除联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术,7例行单纯半椎体切除术不使用脊柱内固定,2例分节障碍型患儿行凸侧截骨和对侧骨桥松解联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术,术后均取得了满意的治疗效果,术后平均矫正率为78.4%,与既往文献报道多种手术方式获得的矫正率相近。
后路半椎体切除联合椎弓根螺钉内固定是公认的治疗半椎体所致CS畸形安全有效的方法,能够直接去除致畸因素 [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 21 ]。然而,小年龄儿童由于骨骼尚未完全发育成熟,骨密度较低,可能出现椎弓根骨折、螺钉移位、内固定松动等并发症,并且对于婴幼儿很难选择合适的内固定螺钉。此外,部分患儿存在由于椎体发育较差导致无法植入椎弓根螺钉的情况。姚子明等 [ 22 ]报道3岁以下儿童行半椎体切除术内固定相关并发症的发生率达17%。此外,颈胸交界区应力集中,低龄儿童颈胸段椎体椎弓根细小且常合并多种骨性结构异常,置钉难度极大 [ 23 ]。半椎体切除不使用内固定可避免内固定相关并发症,与内固定相比,手术时间短,出血少,尤其适用于3岁及3岁以前的进展性半椎体畸形患儿 [ 24 ]。Xia等 [ 25 ]对16例婴幼儿CS患儿采用单纯后路半椎体切除不使用内固定,经过平均7年的随访,矫形效果满意,未出现明显的矫正丢失。本研究对7例患儿行单纯半椎体切除而不使用脊柱内固定,术后取得了满意的矫形效果。
颈胸交界区解剖结构复杂,毗邻重要的神经、血管及脏器,并且常合并有神经血管发育畸形,在该区域进行截骨、置钉及畸形矫正容易造成神经血管的损伤 [ 2 , 23 ]。C7~T1神经根参与臂丛神经的形成,若其受损,可发生上肢感觉运动障碍 [ 23 ]。此外,该部位手术有一个特殊的并发症Horner综合征,其发生与眼交感神经通路的损伤或中断有关,该通路的纤维始发于下丘脑后外侧,在颈部无交叉下行至中脑外侧、脑桥、髓质和脊髓,到达C8~T2脊髓中枢 [ 26 ]。Chen等 [ 2 ]报道18例颈胸段半椎体术后有1例患儿出现Horner综合征,1例患儿出现一过性右臂神经根性疼痛。Wang [ 17 ]等报道25例先天性颈胸段侧后凸患儿术后有1例出现Horner综合征,11例出现一过性神经根损伤。本研究有3例患儿术后出现一过性神经根损伤,1例患儿术后出现Horner综合征。这些损伤大多是由截骨过程造成的。因此,对于高位胸椎半椎体,如T1、T2半椎体畸形,考虑到臂丛神经、交感神经、椎动脉等结构的解剖分布以及可能存在走行或发育异常的情况,本团队尝试从截骨水平下移一节椎体,从而降低神经血管损伤的风险使手术更加安全。本研究有4例T2半椎体患儿在T3节段进行截骨,术后矫形效果满意,未发生神经血管损伤,随访期间未出现矫形丢失。
本研究存在一定局限性。首先,患儿数量较少,需要更大样本的进一步研究;其次,本研究纳入的均为5岁以下患儿,还有较大的脊柱生长潜能,需要后续更长期的随访观察;第三,本研究在随访中没有包含关于生活质量评价、患儿及家长满意度的结果,未来需要进一步研究。
综上所述,早期一期后路手术治疗低龄儿童先天性颈胸段脊柱侧凸可有效矫正局部畸形和改善外观,创伤小,固定节段少,可最大程度保留脊柱生长潜能,中长期矫形效果满意,对于部分婴幼儿可以考虑单纯半椎体切除不使用内固定。手术相关神经系统并发症的发生率较高,对于高位胸椎半椎体,截骨水平下移一节椎体可能是一种可行的、安全的手术方式。
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刘福云,Email: mocdef.6ab21111nuyufuil
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目 (LHGJ20190384)
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