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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
人工髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折的研究进展
李辰
戚浩天
于树军
刘畅
张银光
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115530-20241230-00512
Research progress concerning artificial hip replacement for femoral intertrochanteric fractures
Li Chen
Qi Haotian
Yu Shujun
Liu Chang
Zhang Yinguang
Authors Info & Affiliations
Li Chen
Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
Qi Haotian
Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
Yu Shujun
Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
Liu Chang
Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
Zhang Yinguang
Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115530-20241230-00512
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摘要

股骨转子间骨折是老年人常见的髋部骨折，其治疗目标包括降低患者并发症发生率，提高患者的生存率和生活质量。相较于传统内固定术，髋关节置换术在治疗股骨转子间骨折及应对内固定失败后的翻修方面展现出一定优势，能够使患者实现早期负重活动，有效改善关节功能，降低长期卧床引发的相关并发症发生风险。然而，目前针对髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折的治疗方案，学术界尚未达成统一共识。本文主要对髋关节置换术治疗初次股骨转子间骨折及内固定失败后翻修的适应证、股骨转子部解剖与生物力学特征、关节假体类型及型号的选择原则、术中骨块固定与假体置入等操作技术要点，以及围手术期综合评估方式等方面的研究进展进行综述。

髋骨折;关节成形术，置换，髋;内固定失败;翻修
ABSTRACT

Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur are common hip fractures in the elderly. Their treatment goals include reducing incidence of complications, improving quality of life and increasing survival rate for the patients. Compared with traditional internal fixation, hip arthroplasty shows certain advantages in the primary treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur and the revision following failure of internal fixation. It enables patients to do early weight-bearing activities to effectively improve their joint function, and reduces the risk of complications associated with long-term bed rest. However, at present, there has been no unified consensus in the academic community regarding the treatment plan of hip arthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. This paper mainly reviews the research progress in such aspects as indications of hip arthroplasty for primary intertrochanteric fractures of the femur and for revision after failure of internal fixation, anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the femoral trochanter, principles for selection of types and models of joint prosthesis, key operative techniques like intraoperative fixation of bone fragments and prosthesis implantation, and methods of peri-operative comprehensive assessment.

Hip fractures;Arthroplasty, replacement, hip;Internal fixation failure;Revision
Zhang Yinguang, Email: mocdef.3ab6186707702831
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引用本文

李辰,戚浩天,于树军,等. 人工髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折的研究进展[J]. 中华创伤骨科杂志,2025,27(03)：250-257.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115530-20241230-00512

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股骨转子间骨折占髋部骨折的45%~50%，其患者往往年龄较大，伴有较高的病死率和致残率 [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]。文献报道，股骨转子间骨折1年内病死率为8%~36% [ 4 ]。虽然可以考虑保守治疗，但是长期卧床导致的坠积性肺炎、褥疮、肺栓塞、泌尿系感染及下肢短缩畸形等并发症发生率较高，仅适用于围手术期风险较高的患者 [ 5 ]。因此，在条件允许的情况下早期手术、早期活动，从而降低并发症的发生风险，提高患者的生活质量和术后生存率是主要的治疗目标 [ 6 ]。
在股骨转子间骨折的手术治疗方案中，髓内钉固定凭借其出色的机械性能、抗疲劳能力、损伤小及股骨头相对完整的血液供应等优势而被更多的医生列为首选 [ 7 ]。然而，对于某些不稳定型骨折，如后内侧皮质粉碎、外侧壁变薄、骨折延伸至转子下或反转子间等类型，即使经过充分复位与固定，仍可能出现塌陷 [ 8 , 9 ]。这会导致内固定术后患者无法早期恢复完全负重，髋关节功能不理想或长期卧床，从而增加肺炎、尿路感染、静脉血栓形成和褥疮的发生风险 [ 10 ]。此外，长期卧床还会进一步加剧肌肉萎缩与骨质的流失，造成股骨的生物力学结构强度急剧下降，进而出现内固定物松动、断裂、螺钉切出、骨不连及髋内翻畸形等失败风险 [ 5 , 11 ]。有研究显示，股骨转子间骨折初次固定失败的发生率高达16% [ 12 ]。因此，髋关节置换术已被越来越多的医生视为治疗股骨转子间骨折的重要替代方案，尤其是对于肿瘤导致的病理性骨折患者、伤前已存在严重髋关节炎和严重骨质疏松（如肾性骨病）患者、内固定失败后翻修等 [ 2 , 13 , 14 ]。
本文针对人工髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折的研究进展进行综述，旨在为临床治疗提供参考。
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张银光，Email: mocdef.3ab6186707702831
B
天津市卫生健康科技项目 (TJWJ2021QN048)
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