目的评估口腔临床摄影中不同数码单反相机与微距镜头组合、不同光圈设置以及不同对焦位点对图像景深清晰度与畸变的影响，为规范口腔临床摄影提供循证医学依据。
方法选用全画幅数码单反相机和半画幅数码单反相机分别与105和60 mm微距镜头进行组合，8种预设光圈值（F16、F18、F20、F22、F25、F29、F32、F36）条件下，对标准口腔模型拍摄场景中模拟中切牙、尖牙和第一磨牙的3个对焦位点分别进行对焦和拍摄。采用双盲法由5名经过口腔美学临床摄影标准化培训并接受统一校准训练的主治医师（具有5年以上口腔临床摄影经验）对图像景深清晰度进行评分，并通过测量中切牙宽长比评估图像畸变程度。
结果半画幅数码单反相机+105 mm微距镜头组合拍摄的图像景深清晰度评分［（2.756±0.357）分］显著高于其他相机与微距镜头组合（ P<0.05）。光圈设置为F25、F29、F32、F36时图像景深清晰度评分均显著高于光圈设置为F16、F18、F20、F22时（ P<0.05）。以模拟尖牙的对焦位点为对焦点进行拍摄获得的图像景深清晰度评分最高，中切牙次之，第一磨牙最低（ P<0.05）。主效应及交互效应检验显示，相机镜头组合对图像畸变存在显著影响（ F=2.79， P=0.042），对焦位点和光圈设置对图像畸变的影响均不显著（ F=0.40， P=0.671； F=1.27， P=0.270）。
结论使用半画幅数码单反相机搭配105 mm微距镜头，将光圈值设定于F25~F36范围内，并以尖牙为对焦位点的参数组合，可保证图像足够的景深清晰度，并避免图像畸变，从而获得最佳的口腔临床摄影效果。
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of different combinations of digital single-lens reflex cameras and macro lenses, aperture settings, and focusing points on depth-of-field sharpness and image distortion in dental clinical photography, and to provide evidence-based guidance for standardizing dental clinical photography.
MethodsFull-frame and advanced photo system type-C (APS-C) digital single-lens reflex cameras were paired with 105 mm and 60 mm macro lenses. Photography was performed under eight preset aperture values (F16, F18, F20, F22, F25, F29, F32, and F36) on a standard oral model, focusing separately on three points simulating the central incisor, canine, and first molar. Five attending physicians, who had completed standardized training in dental esthetic clinical photography and calibration training (with over 5 years of dental clinical photography experience), evaluated the depth-of-field sharpness of the photographs using a double-blind method. Image distortion was assessed by measuring the width-to-length ratio of the central incisor.
ResultsPhotographs taken with the APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera combined with the 105 mm macro lens showed significantly higher depth-of-field sharpness scores (2.756±0.357) compared to other camera-lens combinations ( P<0.05). Photographs taken at aperture settings of F25, F29, F32, and F36 demonstrated significantly higher depth-of-field sharpness scores than those taken at F16, F18, F20, and F22 ( P<0.05). Images focused on the simulated canine achieved the highest depth-of-field sharpness scores, followed by the central incisor, with the first molar showing the lowest scores ( P<0.05). Main effect and interaction effect tests revealed that camera-lens combinations significantly affected image distortion ( F=2.79, P=0.042), while focusing points and aperture settings showed no significant effect on image distortion ( F=0.40, P=0.671; F=1.27, P=0.270).
ConclusionBased on experimental data analysis, using an APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera with a 105 mm macro lens, setting the aperture value between F25 and F36, and focusing on the canine can ensure sufficient depth-of-field sharpness while avoiding image distortion, thereby achieving optimal results in dental clinical photography.
赵伟,王煦寒,李溦,等. 口腔临床摄影不同影响因素对图像景深清晰度与畸变的影响[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志,2025,60(04)：381-387.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20250119-00026版权归中华医学会所有。
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除非特别声明，本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华医学会和本刊编委会的观点。
赵伟：研究设计和实施、照片采集、数据分析、论文撰写及修订；王煦寒：图片的整理、数据记录、文献检索；李溦、陈若楠、卓享格：文献检索、数据记录、数据统计；陈江：选题指导、研究设计及文章的知识性内容做批评性审阅、指导修改
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