研究与实践
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
社会支持和应对方式对医养结合机构失能老年人照护者负担水平的影响
方璐
曹艳君
罗若文
乔松
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn341190-20240505-00507
Effects of social support and coping strategies on the burden levels of caregivers for disabled older adult individuals in integrated medical and nursing institutions
Fang Lu
Cao Yanjun
Luo Ruowen
Qiao Song
Authors Info & Affiliations
Fang Lu
Department of Geriatrics, Jinhua Fifth Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
Cao Yanjun
Department of Geriatrics, Jinhua Fifth Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
Luo Ruowen
Department of Geriatrics, Jinhua Fifth Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
Qiao Song
Department of Geriatrics, Jinhua Fifth Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn341190-20240505-00507
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摘要

目的研究社会支持和应对方式对医养结合机构失能老人照护者负担水平的影响。

方法选取金华市第五医院2022年5月至2023年12月失能老人进行照护的照护者80例进行回顾性分析,依据医养结合机构档案资料记录的照护者负担量表(ZBI)评分结果分为中、重度负担的暴露组31例和无、轻度负担的对照组49例,收集两组照护者性别、年龄等一般资料以及简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)评分、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评分,并进行对比,存在差异的指标采取二元logistic回归分析照护者产生负担的影响因素,采取 Spearman相关分析法分析社会支持、应对方式与照护者产生负担的相关性。

结果80例照护者中31例为中、重度负担,占38.75%(31/80),将其划分至暴露组;49例为无、轻度负担,占61.25%(49/80),将其划分对照组。两组照护者性别、月收入、照护年限、SCSQ消极应对评分、SCSQ积极应对评分、SSRS评分等差异均有统计学意义( χ 2=9.83、9.22、10.83, Z=3.53、5.18、6.18,均 P < 0.05)。经logistic回归分析发现,性别、月收入、照护年限及SCSQ消极应对评分均为失能老人照护者负担水平的危险因素( OR=61.875、5.558、4.882、1.176,均 P < 0.05),SCSQ积极应对评分、SSRS评分为失能老人照护者负担水平的保护因素( OR=0.785、0.756,均 P < 0.05);SCSQ消极应对评分与失能老人照护者负担水平呈正相关( r=0.408, P < 0.05),SCSQ积极应对评分、SSRS评分与失能老人照护者负担水平均呈负相关( r=-0.531、-0.652,均 P < 0.05)。

结论失能老人照护者性别、月收入、照护年限、SCSQ消极应对评分、SCSQ积极应对评分及SSRS评分等均为照护者负担的影响因素,且及SSRS、SCSQ消极应对、SCSQ积极应对评分与其存在显著相关性。应当关注照顾者实际情况,采取相应措施,积极引导照护者采取积极应对方式,加强社会支持,改善其负担水平。

老年人;性别因素;收入;社会支持;患病代价
引用本文

方璐,曹艳君,罗若文,等. 社会支持和应对方式对医养结合机构失能老年人照护者负担水平的影响[J]. 中国基层医药,2025,32(03):432-436.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn341190-20240505-00507

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近年来,随着人口老龄化、疾病谱及医疗水平的发展,失能老年人口正呈现快速增长趋势,进而导致对其照护的社会需求也随之增长。研究显示,失能老人的伴侣及子女等通常承担着其照护者的角色,但由于其为非医疗成员,缺乏相应照护知识,因此对医养结合机构的需求显著提升 1。医养结合机构是兼具医疗保健及养老护理相关机构,配备相应的照护者直接为失能老人提供基础或专业的照护。但失能老人的照护工作繁琐且复杂,对照护者的耐心、责任心等有极高要求;由于社会支持、应对方式等多种因素的影响,导致照护者产生沉重负担 2。研究表明,照护者负担水平与失能老人的照护质量及老人的生活质量存在显著相关性,因此积极分析影响失能老人照护者负担水平的相关因素具有重大意义 3。然而,目前针对社会支持和应对方式与失能老人照顾者负担水平的关系及相关因素分析的报道较为有限。基于此,本研究对医养结合机构失能老人照护者的资料进行回顾性分析,探讨失能老人照护者负担水平的相关因素,并通过分析社会支持、应对方式与照顾者负担水平的关系,旨在为照护者负担水平的改善提供理论指导。
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备注信息
A
乔松,Email: mocdef.3ab61ncignosoaiq
B

方璐:起草文章、收集数据;曹艳君:整理数据、统计分析;罗若文:起草文章、整理数据;乔松:指导文章、对文章的知识性内容作批评性审阅

C
方璐, 曹艳君, 罗若文, 等. 社会支持和应对方式对医养结合机构失能老年人照护者负担水平的影响[J]. 中国基层医药,2025,32(3):432-436. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn341190-20240505-00507.
D
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突
E
浙江省金华市科技计划 (2022-4-186)
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