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构建区域性急诊体外心肺复苏标准流程的实践及探索
张唐娟
张强
胡悦朋
杨柳
孟醒
兰超
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2025.03.003
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摘要

心脏骤停(cardiac arrest, CA)是全球面临的重要公共卫生问题,具有高致残率及病死率 [1]。虽然传统心肺复苏(conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CCPR)指南不断更新,但指导作用并不理想,我国院外心脏骤停(out-hospital cardiac arrest, OHCA)的生存率为1.2%,良好神经功能预后0.8%,院内心脏骤停(in-hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA)为9.4%和6.7%,远低于欧美发达国家水平 [2,3]。面对低生存的困境,越来越多的研究者开始关注体外循环技术在CA中的应用 [4]

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张唐娟,张强,胡悦朋,等. 构建区域性急诊体外心肺复苏标准流程的实践及探索[J]. 中华急诊医学杂志,2025,34(03):286-291.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2025.03.003

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心脏骤停(cardiac arrest, CA)是全球面临的重要公共卫生问题,具有高致残率及病死率 [ 1 ]。虽然传统心肺复苏(conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CCPR)指南不断更新,但指导作用并不理想,我国院外心脏骤停(out-hospital cardiac arrest, OHCA)的生存率为1.2%,良好神经功能预后0.8%,院内心脏骤停(in-hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA)为9.4%和6.7%,远低于欧美发达国家水平 [ 2 , 3 ]。面对低生存的困境,越来越多的研究者开始关注体外循环技术在CA中的应用 [ 4 ]
体外心肺复苏(extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECPR)作为CCPR失败后的挽救性操作,是一种在特定条件下对顽固性CA患者实施的高级生命支持技术,它涉及使用静脉-动脉体外膜氧合(venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, VA-ECMO)来提供临时的心肺功能支持,以维持重要器官的灌注和氧气供应,直到可以解决导致CA的根本原因。CA自主循环恢复(restoration of spontaneous circulation, ROSC)比例可达95%,显著提高难治性CA患者的生存率与神经功能预后 [ 5 , 6 ]。据国际体外生命支持组织(Extracorporeal life Support Organization, ELSO)统计,截至2024年,全世界范围共有21 018例成年人接受ECPR治疗,此前统计其中24%分布于急诊科 [ 7 ],以急诊科为主导的ECPR团队模式,可实现联合全天候专业人员及多学科团队协作形式,已在全球范围临床实践中获得良好效果 [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]。构建急诊体外心肺复苏(emergency extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, EM-ECPR)的标准流程是提高ECPR治疗效果的关键。相比于国外而言,我国EM-ECPR的开展起步较晚,目前尚未无成熟、统一的标准实施流程,EM-ECPR的救治成功率有较大的提升空间。本文结合国内外相关指南与多中心临床实践经验,系统阐述EM-ECPR标准化流程构建的核心要素,包括适应证选择、团队协作模式及质控指标设计,以期为ECPR规范化实施提供参考。
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备注信息
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兰超,Email: mocdef.3ab6192oahcnal
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所有作者声明无利益冲突
C
国家重点研发计划 (2021YFC2501800)
河南省医学科技攻关计划省部共建重点项目 (SBGJ202102155)
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