易筋经导引图的传承源流历来模糊不清而缺乏考证。经过眼48种《易筋经》传本及多方其他养生导引古文献考查,证实现存的早期《易筋经》传本中没有导引图。而后世流传较广的《易筋经》导引图有外功八段锦、易筋经十二图、易筋经二十二式。这是3种不同的功法,易筋经二十二式并非从十二式发展而来。《易筋经》古本中的易筋经导引图均来自于《易筋经》传本系统之外。其中,外功八段锦来自于明代多种著作收载的八段锦,易筋经十二图来自于清咸丰八年的《卫生要术》,易筋经二十二图则来自于清代道光年间军营习武功法。所谓的"易筋经外经图",只是易筋经二十二式中的一个部分。
For a long time, the origin of inheritance of Daoyin illustrations for changing the tendon and its development are vague and lack of investigation. By investigating 48 kinds of versions of Yi jin jing ( Classic of Changing Tendon), and other archaic texts of Daoyin for keeping-fit, it can be identified that there are no illustrations in extant early works of Yi jin jing. In terms of the Daoyin illustrations in the rather extensively distributed Yi jin jing, there are external exercise of Eight Section Brocade, Twelve Illustrations for Changing Tendon, 22-style yi jin jing, which are 3 different series of exercise in which the 22-style is not derived from the 12-style one. The illustrations of Daoyin for changing the tendon in the ancient versions of Yi jin jing were stemmed from the source other than the versions of Yi jin jing itself. Among them, the external exercise of Eight-section brocade is derived from many works of the Ming Dynasty, while the 12 illustrations for changing the tendon is derived from Wei sheng yao shu ( Essential Art of Healthcare) in the 18th year of Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty. The so-called"illustrations of external classic of yi jin jing"is but only part of the 22-style yi jin jing.
张志斌. 古本《易筋经》图考[J]. 中华医史杂志,2015,45(5):299-305.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0255-7053.2015.05.008版权归中华医学会所有。
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