湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征(Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome,WAS),是由X染色体上 WAS基因突变所导致的,兼有原发性免疫缺陷病(PID)和遗传性血液病表现的特殊类型疾病。虽然典型WAS的临床表现特征比较明显,经相关基因(WAS)及其产物蛋白(WASP)检测可以确诊,但由于发病率较低,病例严重程度差异显著,临床易漏诊或误诊。现通过收集近年来国内外有关WAS研究进展文献,对历年来临床报道资料进行汇总分析,并结合作者既往诊治经验,归纳WAS诊治要点供临床参考。
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is due to the mutation of the WAS gene on the X chromosome, which has both features of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) and congenital hereditary hematopoietic disease.Although the clinical manifestations of classic WAS were more obvious, the related gene ( WAS) and its protein product (WASP) have the value of diagnosis, but due to the low incidence, and there were significant differences in the severity of clinical symptoms of the patients, so WAS is easily misdiagnosed.This article through collecting and analyzing the recent years of research progress of literature data and the clinical reports, and combined with the author's previous experience in the diagnosis and treatment, to induct the main points of diagnosis and treatment for WAS.
赵惠君. Wiskott-Aldrich综合征诊断治疗进展[J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志,2016,31(15):1129-1132.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-428X.2016.15.003版权归中华医学会所有。
未经授权,不得转载、摘编本刊文章,不得使用本刊的版式设计。
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分值 | 血小板计数降低 | MPV缩小 | 湿疹 | 感染倾向 | 继发自身免疫性疾病/肿瘤 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | + | + | - | - | - |
2 | + | + | +(轻度/短暂) | +(轻度) | - |
3 | + | + | +(持续但可控) | +(反复但可控) | - |
4 | + | + | +(难以控制) | +(严重) | - |
5 | + | + | +(程度不限) | +(程度不限) | + |
注:WAS:湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征;MPV:平均血小板体积 WAS:Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome;MPV:mean platelet volume
项目 | WAS | XLT | IXLT | XLN | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
临床表现 | |||||
血小板计数下降 | + | + | +/- | - | |
血小板体积缩小 | + | + | + | - | |
湿疹 | + | -/+ | - | - | |
免疫功能缺陷 | + | -/+ | - | + a | |
继发自身免疫性疾病 | 常见 | 可能 | - | - | |
继发恶性肿瘤 | 常见 | 可能 | - | - | |
WASP表达 | 缺乏 | 降低 | 可正常 | 可正常 | |
WAS评分范围 | 3~5 | 1~2(5) b | < 1 | 0 |
注:WAS:湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征;XLT:X连锁血小板减少症;IXLT:间歇性X连锁血小板减少症;XLN:X连锁粒细胞减少症;WASP:WAS蛋白; aXLN可因粒细胞缺乏导致免疫功能下降,而并非淋巴细胞功能异常所致; bXLT如继发自身免疫性疾病或恶性肿瘤,则严重程度分值为5分 WAS:Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome;XLT:X-linked thrombocytopenia;IXLT:intermittent X-linked thrombocytopenia;XLN:X-linked neutropenia WASP:Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; aimmunodeficiency in XLN patients results from severe neutoropenia,different from immunodeficiency in WAS; bXLT patients may progress to clinical score 5,once the secondary autoimmune disease or malignancies
鉴别要点 | WAS | ITP | AAA | ES |
---|---|---|---|---|
起病年龄 | 婴儿早期 | 不限(婴儿期多见) | 学龄前期或之后 | 不限 |
性别 | 男 | 不限 | 不限 | 不限 |
明显湿疹 | + | - | - | - |
感染倾向 | + | - | + | - |
血小板减少 | + | + | + | + |
血小板体积 | 减小 | 正常/增大 a | 正常(偶见减小) | 正常/增大 |
ARC | 正常/增高 a | 正常 | 多降低 | 增高 |
ANC | 正常 | 正常/增高 | 多降低 | 正常/增高 |
血小板抗体 | 阴性 | 阳性 | 阴性 | 阳性 |
骨髓增生 | 活跃(偶见减低) | 活跃 | 减低/正常 | 活跃 |
巨核细胞 | 正常(偶见减少) | 活跃(伴成熟障碍) | 减少 | 活跃(伴成熟障碍) |
注:WAS:湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征;ITP:免疫性血小板减少性紫癜;AAA:获得性再生障碍性贫血;ES:Evans综合征;ARC:网织红细胞绝对计数;ANC:中性粒细胞绝对计数; a继发AIHA时ARC增高 WAS:Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome;ITP:immune thrombocytopenic purpura;AAA:acquired aplastic anemia;ES:Evans syndrome;ARC:actual reticulocyte count;ANC:actual neutrophil count; a ARC increased once secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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