目的分析Angelman综合征(AS)的临床表现、脑电图(EEG)特征以及基因结果,探讨生酮饮食(KD)对AS难治性癫
的近期疗效。
方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年12月复旦大学附属儿科医院神经科诊断的8例AS患儿的临床表现及EEG特征,并对治疗及预后进行随访。
结果8例AS患儿中男4例,女4例。临床均(100%)表现为大笑或愉快时微笑、全面发育迟滞和运动障碍,4例患儿头围偏小或小头畸形。7例患儿(88%)有癫
发作且发作形式多种,主要为肌阵挛、不典型失神、失张力和部分继发全面性发作等,癫
发病年龄6个月~2岁9个月,4例(57%)有肌阵挛持续状态。EEG特征为前头部、后头部或广泛性δ及θ节律性发放,慢波多呈游走性,并夹杂棘波、棘慢波,棘慢波多在后头部突出。所有患儿采用基因组DNA甲基化特异性多重连接探针扩增技术(MS-MLPA)进行检测,其中6例患儿(75%)证实存在染色体15q11PWS/AS相关区域基因的拷贝数缺失。7例患儿为多种抗癫
药物联合治疗,6例(86%)为药物难治性癫
,3例患儿给予KD治疗,治疗1个月时2例有效,1例无效,3个月时1例发作完全缓解,1例有效,1例无效。
结论AS具有相对特征性的临床和EEG表现,结合基因检查可帮助诊断,癫
发生率高,肌阵挛持续状态多见,且多为药物难治性癫
,KD可作为AS难治性癫
治疗的选择。
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and electroencephalogram(EEG) characteristics, genetic data and the effect of ketogenic diet(KD) for children with Angelman syndrome(AS).
MethodsThe clinical and EEG characteristics of 8 patients with AS at the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University from Jan.2012 to Dec.2013 were analyzed retrospectively.The treatment and prognosis were also followed up.
ResultsOf 8 patients, there were 4 male and 4 female.All patients(100%) had apparently happy demeanor or smile, general developmental delay and movement disorder, and head circumference of 4 patients was smaller or microcephaly diagnosed.Epilepsy was present in 7 cases(88%) with onset age from 6 to 33 months.Most frequent types were myoclonic seizures, atypical absences, atonic seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.Myoclonic status epilepticus was present in 4 cases(57%). Rhythmic delta and theta in the anterior, the posterior and the generalized areas mixing with spikes and ware waves were the characteristic EEG patterns.Genetic testing by methylation specificity multiple link probe amplification techniques(MS-MLPA)was done for all patients, 6 cases(75%) were confirmed with a maternal deletion involving the chromosome 15q11PWS/AS critical region.Seven patients were treated with multiple antiepileptic drugs, while 6 patients(86%) belonged to refractory epilepsy.Three cases were treated with KD, 1 month after KD, seizure improved effectively in 2 cases, but 1 case had no improvement, 3 months after KD, 1 case got seizure free, and 1 case had seizure reduced effectively, while 1 case with seizure had no improvement.
ConclusionsThere are relative and characteristic EEG manifestations clinically in AS and the diagnosis can be assisted by genetic test.Epilepsy is common and myoclo-nic status epilepticus is also frequent in AS.Epilepsy in AS is often hard to control but KD can be used as a treatment option for AS with refractory epilepsy.
周渊峰,周水珍,王艺,等. Angelman综合征8例回顾性临床分析[J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志,2014,29(17):1317-1320.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-428X.2014.17.010版权归中华医学会所有。
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病例 | 性别 | 年龄 | 癫
|
发作类型 | 癫
|
抗癫
|
生酮饮食 | 疗效 | 基因检测 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 女 | 6岁 | 2岁9个月 | AS、MS、GTSC | 无 | VPA、LEV、LTG | 有 | 完全缓解 | + |
2 | 女 | 2岁3个月 | 1岁5个月 | AS、MS | MS | VPA、LEV | 有 | 无效,每天均有 | - |
3 | 男 | 3岁1个月 | 2岁6个月 | AS、MS、GTSC | 无 | VPA、TPM | 有 | 发作减少,GTSC每月1、2次 | - |
4 | 男 | 5岁 | 2岁 | AS、MS、GTSC、FS | MS | VPA、LEV | 无 | 发作减少,每天都有 | + |
5 | 男 | 1岁11个月 | 1岁9个月 | AS、MS、GTSC、PS | MS | VPA、LEV、CZP | 无 | 发作减少,每周数次 | + |
6 | 女 | 1岁8个月 | 6个月 | AS、MS | 无 | VPA、LTG | 无 | 发作减少,每天都有 | + |
7 | 男 | 4岁5个月 | 2岁 | MS、PS、FS | MS | VPA、LTG | 无 | 发作减少,每月数次 | + |
8 | 女 | 2岁 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | + |
注:AS:不典型失神发作;MS:肌阵挛发作;FS:热性惊厥;PS:部分性发作;GTCS:全面强直-阵挛发作;VPA:丙戊酸;LEV:左乙拉西坦;LTG:拉莫三嗪;TPM:托吡酯;CZP:氯硝西泮 AS:Atypical absence;MS:myoclonic seizure;FS:febrile seizure;PS:partial seizure;GTSC:generalized tonic-clonic seizure;VPA:valproic acid;LEV:levetiracetam;LTG:lamotrigine;TPM:topiramate;CZP:clonazepam

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