指南解读
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
有关分化型甲状腺癌治疗反应评估体系的解读
侯敏
林岩松
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2017.07.010
Update and progress of the response-to-therapy assessment system in differentiated thyroid cancer
Hou Min
Lin Yansong
Authors Info & Affiliations
Hou Min
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Lin Yansong
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2017.07.010
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摘要

近年来,对于DTC治疗反应评价的研究日益深入。2015年ATA指南中首次提出"治疗反应评估体系"的定义,其主要倡导动态监测、持续评估、及时更新疾病危险分级的治疗反应评估理念,修正了以往体系以病理学特征为主的静止性、单次定性评估的不足,将手术等治疗干预对预后的影响纳入动态评估及风险分层体系,为推进患者个体化治疗提供了循证依据。如何解读并实施该治疗反应评估体系,成为国内外关注的焦点。现就DTC治疗反应评估体系近年来的更新进行简要综述及解读。

甲状腺肿瘤;治疗结果;实践指南
ABSTRACT

Recent research has gained much depth and details on the response-to-therapy assessment system (RTAS) of DTC. The concept of RTAS was first proposed in the 2015 ATA guidelines, mainly advocating dynamic and ongoing assessment of a disease process after primary therapy is completed. This recommendation is to compensate for the deficiency of a static, single-parametric evaluation system that is conventionally pathology-dominated. The concept of risk-adaptive management has been adopted in individual decision-making processes, so as to tailor treatment plans accordingly with an understanding that therapies (e.g. surgery, etc.) should also be involved as a continuum of risk assessment. The RTAS according to the new guidelines has been clearly highlighted worldwide. This review aims to outline the progress and latest update of RTAS on DTC.

Thyroid neoplasms;Treatment outcome;Practice guideline
Lin Yansong, Email: nc.defhcabmupsynil
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571714)
引用本文

侯敏,林岩松. 有关分化型甲状腺癌治疗反应评估体系的解读[J]. 中华核医学与分子影像杂志,2017,37(7):420-425.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2017.07.010

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DTC占甲状腺癌的90%,近年来发病率逐年上升 [ 1 , 2 ],常用的治疗手段包括外科手术、术后选择性 131I治疗及TSH抑制治疗等 [ 3 ]。相较其他恶性肿瘤,DTC死亡率低、恶性程度低、带瘤生存期长 [ 4 ],以往DTC治疗效果的评价多以清除残留甲状腺(简称清甲)是否成功为标准,经典的疾病复发和死亡风险分级系统[例如美国肿瘤联合会(American Joint Committee on Cancer,AJCC)/国际抗癌联盟(Union for International Cancer Control,UICC) TNM系统和基于远处转移、年龄、肿瘤是否完全切除、腺外侵外及肿瘤大小的评分(metastasis-age-completeness of resection-invasion-size,MACIS)系统]多以术后病理学结果等单一时间点的静态特征为依据预测疾病风险 [ 3 ]。2009年ATA指南提出对DTC的疾病风险要进行动态评估,2015版指南(简称"新指南") [ 3 ]在经典DTC评估体系的基础上系统地提出了治疗反应评估体系( 表1 ),其针对双侧甲状腺全切术后联合 131I清甲治疗的患者,以动态监测、实时评估、及时更新疾病危险分级为理念,纳入了病理组织特征、术后动态的血清学及影像学结果等多种评估指标,与TNM分期等预测死亡风险的评估体系相结合,有望更准确、实时地对DTC复发和死亡风险进行评估,指导患者个体化诊疗方案的制定。由于临床病理特征是术后获得的单时点静态证据,在此不再叙及;笔者就术后动态血清学及影像学在DTC治疗反应评估体系中的近年更新作一综述。
治疗反应分类 定义 具体标准 预后预测 临床诊疗方案
疗效满意 无临床证据(综合考虑患者临床表现、生化指标均无异常且无新发转移灶)支持患者为带瘤状态,即患者已达到临床无瘤生存状态 影像学未见异常;抑制性Tg<0.2 μg/L或刺激性Tg<1 μg/L 复发率1%~4%;死亡率<1% 早期即可降低随访密度,控制复查TSH抑制治疗情况的频率
疗效不满意(血清学) 清除甲状腺残余组织治疗后,患者仍表现为血清Tg升高或血清TgAb异常增高 影像学未见异常;抑制性Tg>1 μg/L或刺激性Tg>10 μg/L或TgAb水平升高 至少30%自然演变为无瘤生存状态;20%经治疗后演变为无瘤生存状态;20%演变为疗效不满意(影像学)死亡率<1% 对Tg水平稳定或呈下降趋势的绝大多数患者继续观察,规律随访;反之若Tg或TgAb升高,应进一步检查以明确病情,必要时考虑继续治疗
疗效不满意(影像学) 持续存在的或出现新增的颈部局部或远处转移病灶 有临床证据表明新病灶出现,Tg与TgAb可无异常 若未予治疗,50%~85%处于疾病持续状态;疾病进展与死亡风险:11%发生局部转移,50%有远处转移 综合多种临床病理特征资料 a(包括病灶大小、位置、生长速率、摄碘活性和 18F-FDG亲和度)对患者进行动态监测,以决定是否进一步治疗
疗效不确切 无确凿临床证据(须综合考虑患者临床表现、生化指标或新发转移灶证据)证明患者是无瘤或带瘤状态 影像学未见明确病灶; 131I治疗后WBS示甲状腺床有轻度摄取;刺激性Tg稍高(<10 μg/L)或TgAb水平未见异常增高 长期随访中15%~20%出现疗效不满意(影像学),余者病情发展未明确或不典型;死亡率<1% 选取恰当的影像学手段对患者进行系列监测。起初不具特异性的结果可能随时间发展为疾病的可疑信号,此时应予影像学或病理学手段 a行进一步确诊
2015年ATA指南 [ 3 ]对于DTC治疗反应评估体系的定义及判断标准

注: a目前分子病理特征与治疗反应相关性的研究尚不足,此评估体系尚未将分子病理特征[如V-raf鼠肉瘤滤过性病毒致癌基因同源体B1(BRAF) V600E、端粒酶反转录酶(TERT)等基因有无突变]纳入评估指标;WBS为全身显像

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备注信息
A
林岩松,Email: nc.defhcabmupsynil
B

本文直接使用的缩略语:ATA(American Thyroid Association),美国甲状腺协会;DTC(differentiated thyroid carcinoma),分化型甲状腺癌;FDG(fluorodeoxyglucose),脱氧葡萄糖; L-T 3(levo-triiodothyronine),左旋三碘甲状腺原氨酸; L-T 4(levo-thyroxine),左旋甲状腺素;NIS(sodium/iodide symporter),钠/碘转运体;RAI(radioactive iodine),放射性碘;Tg(thyroglobulin),甲状腺球蛋白;TgAb(thyroglobulin antibody),甲状腺球蛋白抗体;TNM(tumor-node-metastasis),基于肿瘤、淋巴结及远处转移的分期;TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone),促甲状腺激素

C
D
国家自然科学基金 (81571714)
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