Pediatric melanoma occurs rarely, and the pathogenesis is different in different subtypes. The diagnostic criteria for adult melanoma may not be fully applicable to pediatric patients due to atypical clinical manifestations of some tumors. Surgery is the first-line treatment, and the accurate resection margin could be smaller than that in adults. In recent years, immunotherapy and targeted therapy for melanoma have developed rapidly, but very few drugs have been approved for children. Although there have been few large-sample studies on the treatment of pediatric melanoma, the application of related drugs has been reported in literature. This review summarizes progress in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of pediatric melanoma, in order to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric melanoma.

Child; Nevi and melanomas; Molecular targeted therapy; Spitzoid melanoma; Immune checkpoint inhibitors