From The Editor-in-Chief
Periodontal tissue regeneration: current therapeutic strategies and future directions in further research
Chen Faming
Published 2024-04-09
Cite as Chin J Stomatol, 2024, 59(4): 312-317. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20240130-00050
Abstract
Chronic and progressive destruction/damage of the periodontal tissues resulted from periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Traditional periodontal therapies such as scaling and root planning or flap surgery have demonstrated effective in controlling local inflammation and in suppressing/arresting the disease progression of periodontitis. However, those infection control measures cannot help to regenerate lost periodontal tissues to a statistically or clinically significant degree. Although some successes regarding the reduction of the intrabony defect and maintenance of the periodontal homeostasis have been achieved in periodontal regenerative procedures, comprising but not limited to guided tissue regeneration (GTR) or bone grafting technique, the restorative effectiveness of the architecture and function of the lost or injured tissues is far from our clinical expectation. The use of the concept, technique, and method of tissue engineering for periodontal regeneration is a hotspot and animal studies have shown interesting outcomes in terms of functional regeneration of lost/damaged support tissues in the periodontium, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum. However, numerous issues need to be addressed before those regenerative approaches can be responsibly transformed to novel clinical therapies. Recently, paradigm that induces homing of host stem cells to site of the periodontium and encourage the body's innate capability to repair is a new research field termed endogenous regeneration. Given that endogenous regenerative technique avoids ex-vivo cell culture and transplantation, it should be relatively easier to be used in the treatment of clinical patients. Due to the limited oral microenvironment and harsh periodontal local condition for tissue regeneration, as well as poor understanding of periodontal regenerative biology, there is still a long way ahead to explore new effective, practical, and economical therapies to save and protect natural tooth and for combating highly prevalent periodontal disease.
Key words:
Periodontitis; Periodontal tissue regeneration; Guided tissue regeneration; Bone transplantation; Stem cell therapy; Endogenous regeneration
Contributor Information
Chen Faming
Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral &
Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi′an 710032, China
